Prevalence of<i>Coxiella burnetii</i>in Hungary: Screening of Dairy Cows, Sheep, Commercial Milk Samples, and Ticks

Gyuranecz, Miklós; Jankovics, I.; Hornok, Sándor; Kovács, P.; Horváth, Gábor; Jurkovich, Viktor; Varga, Tamás; Hajtós, I.; Szabó, Réka; Magyar, Tibor; Vass, Nóra; Hofmann‐Lehmann, Regina; Erdélyi, Károly; Bhide, Mangesh; Dán, Ádám

doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0953

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is hypothesized that ticks become infected during blood feeding on infected animals and then act as reservoirs of C. burnetii and play an important role in maintaining the bacteria in the environment, which may cause infection in wild vertebrates, domestic animals, and humans. 6,11 However, contrary to our present finding, C. burnetii was not detected in ticks studied in Hungary, 46 in Germany, 40 or in Sweden. 47 This variation is most probably attributed to differences in animal management factors, for example, that domestic animals are housed within farms throughout their lifespan and are not allowed to graze on pastures in some European countries and the systematic use of acaricides, such as deltamethrin, that reduce tick populations and alter the ability of ticks to carry C. burnetii.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa¹,

Socolovschi²,

Almeras³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study was conducted from September 2011 to March 2014 to address the occurrence and genotypes of Coxiella burnetii using molecular methods in ticks collected from domestic animals in Ethiopia. Ticks were tested for C. burnetii by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting two different genes followed by multispacer sequence typing (MST). An overall prevalence of 6.4% (54/842) of C. burnetii was recorded. C. burnetii was detected in 28.6% (14/49) of Amblyomma gemma, 25% (31/124) of Rhipicephalus pulchellus, 7.1% (1/14) of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, 3.2% (2/62) of Am. variegatum, 3.1% (4/128) of Am. cohaerens, 1.6% (1/63) of Rh. praetextatus, and 0.6% (1/153) of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. Significantly higher overall frequencies of C. burnetii DNA were observed in Am. gemma and Rh. pulchellus than in other tick species (Mantel-Haenszel [MH], P 0.0001). The overall frequency of C. burnetii was significantly higher (MH, P 0.0001) in ticks from southeastern districts (Arero, Moyale, and Yabelo) than that from other districts. This study demonstrated the presence of C. burnetii genotype MST 18 in ticks in southeastern districts and genotype MST 20 in ticks in central districts. This study highlights the importance of ticks in the epidemiology of C. burnetii in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa¹,

Socolovschi²,

Almeras³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Interestingly, the farmer had not observed an elevated abortion rate during the lambing season from January to April. The 44.6% seropositivity rate at this farm was far higher than the 6.0% recorded in other Hungarian sheep flocks and represents strong evidence of a localised outbreak [11].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…The last major outbreaks were registered in the period of 1976-80. According to a recent survey (2010-11), seroprevalence among cattle and sheep in Hungary were 38.0% and 6.0%, respectively, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is in agreement with the European averages [3,11]. The number of yearly reported acute human infections in Hungary ranged between 36 and 68 between 2008 and 2012.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Q fever epidemic in Hungary, April to July 2013

et al. 2014

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We investigated a Q fever outbreak with human patients showing high fever, respiratory tract symptoms, headache and retrosternal pain in southern Hungary in the spring and summer of 2013. Seventy human cases were confirmed by analysing their serum and blood samples with micro-immunofluorescence test and real-time PCR. The source of infection was a merino sheep flock of 450 ewes, in which 44.6% (25/56) seropositivity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected by real-time PCR in the milk of four of 20 individuals and in two thirds (41/65) of the manure samples. The multispacer sequence typing examination of C. burnetii DNA revealed sequence type 18 in one human sample and two manure samples from the sheep flock. The multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis pattern of the sheep and human strains were also almost identical,

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“…Despite the fact that C. burnetii was recently shown to be highly prevalent in samples of domestic ruminants in Hungary (Gyuranecz et al 2012), and birds are long known carriers of this agent (Babudieri and Moscovici 1952), here all ticks were found to be PCR negative. This might mean that birds and/or their ticks do not play an important role in the transmission of Q fever in the region and other reservoirs participate in its sylvatic cycle.…”

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confidence: 60%

Synanthropic Birds Associated with High Prevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae and with the First Detection ofRickettsia aeschlimanniiin Hungary

Hornok

Csörgő

Fuente

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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The aim of this study was to analyze synanthropic birds as risk factors for introducing ticks and tick-borne pathogens into human settlements, with an emphasis on rickettsiae. Altogether 184 subadult ticks were found on 5846 birds. Tick infestation was most prevalent during the spring. In this sample group the majority of ticks were molecularly identified as Ixodes ricinus, and three individuals collected from the European robin as Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. The latter is the first molecularly confirmed occurrence of this species in Hungary. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in H. marginatum, also for the first time in Hungary, and in ticks from an urbanized bird species north of the Mediterranean countries. The overall prevalence range of rickettsiae (including R. helvetica and R. monacensis) in ticks of synanthropic birds was 29-40%, exceeding that in questing ticks of relevant species reported earlier. Additionally, in specimens of I. ricinus, the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a new Francisella-like genotype was also verified. Thus, it can be concluded that birds with urban or periurban habitats pose a high risk as tick carriers and reservoirs of zoonotic agents, especially of rickettsiae. The aim of this study was to analyze synanthropic birds as risk factors for introducing ticks and tick-borne pathogens into human settlements, with an emphasis on rickettsiae. Altogether 184 subadult ticks were found on 5846 birds. Tick infestation was most prevalent during the spring. In this sample group the majority of ticks were molecularly identified as Ixodes ricinus, and three individuals collected from the European robin as Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. The latter is the first molecularly confirmed occurrence of this species in Hungary. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in H. marginatum, also for the first time in Hungary, and in ticks from an urbanized bird species north of the Mediterranean countries. The overall prevalence range of rickettsiae (including R. helvetica and R. monacensis) in ticks of synanthropic birds was 29-40%, exceeding that in questing ticks of relevant species reported earlier. Additionally, in specimens of I. ricinus, the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a new Francisella-like genotype was also verified. Thus, it can be concluded that birds with urban or periurban habitats pose a high risk as tick carriers and reservoirs of zoonotic agents, especially of rickettsiae.

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Prevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiin Hungary: Screening of Dairy Cows, Sheep, Commercial Milk Samples, and Ticks

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Q fever epidemic in Hungary, April to July 2013

Synanthropic Birds Associated with High Prevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae and with the First Detection ofRickettsia aeschlimanniiin Hungary

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