Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa, Bersissa; Socolovschi, Cristina; Almeras, Lionel; Raoult, Didier; Parola, Philippe

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0758

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…C. burnetii was detected in a small percentage of ticks (5.5%) collected from sheep, goats, and cattle. The prevalence rate is comparable to the 6.4% reported in ticks collected from cattle in Ethiopia [ 26 ]. On the contrary, a study done in rural Western Kenya reported a lower prevalence of 2.5% in ticks collected from cattle [ 27 ] where zero grazing is commonly done.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Coxiella burnetiiDetected in Tick Samples from Pastoral Communities in Kenya

Koka

Sang

Kutima

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Ticks are important disease vectors in Kenya with documented evidence of carriage of zoonotic pathogens. Coxiella burnetii is an important tick-borne pathogen that is underreported in Kenya and yet this infection likely contributes to undiagnosed febrile disease in pastoral communities. Archived human blood (278) and tick pool samples (380) collected from five pastoral communities in Kenya were screened for C. burnetii by PCR using primers targeting the transposon-like IS1111 region. All the human blood samples were negative for C. burnetii DNA. However, C. burnetii was detected in 5.53% (21/380) of the tick pools tested. Four of the twenty-one PCR positive samples were sequenced. The findings indicate that Coxiella burnetii was not present in the human blood samples tested. However, C. burnetii was detected in ticks from Mai Mahiu, Marigat, Ijara, Isiolo, and Garissa indicating a natural infection present in the tick vector that poses a risk to livestock and humans in these communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…pulchellus and A. gemma tick species. C. burnetii infection in these two tick species has been reported before in Ethiopia [ 26 ] while C. burnetii infection in Rh. pulchellus was recently reported in Kenya [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Coxiella burnetiiDetected in Tick Samples from Pastoral Communities in Kenya

Koka

Sang

Kutima

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…In line with our findings, previous reports showed that the risk of Q fever infection is greatest in animals with a high rate of tick infestation (Asadi et al 2014 ; Cantas et al 2011 ; Psaroulaki et al 2006 ). In addition, molecular surveys (based on PCR amplification, reverse line blot hybridisation and deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] sequencing) reported the presence of C. burnetii DNA in ticks collected from different domestic ruminants (Aouadi et al 2017 ; Kumsa et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors for <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, the causative agent of Q fever in the dromedary camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) population in Algeria

Benaissa

Ansel

Abdallah

et al. 2017

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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Query (Q) fever is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterial agent for which ruminants are the most prevalent natural reservoir. Data regarding Q fever infection in camels in Algeria are limited. Therefore, a survey to detect seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies was conducted among healthy camel populations in a vast area in southeastern Algeria to determine distribution of the Q fever causative organism and to identify risk factors associated with infection. Between January and March 2016, blood samples were collected from 184 camels and serum samples were subsequently analysed using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. At the time of blood collection, a questionnaire investigating 13 potential predisposing factors associated with C. burnetii seropositivity was completed for every dromedary camel and herd. Results were analysed by a chi-square (χ2) test and multivariate logistic regression. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii at the animal level was 71.2% (95% CI: 65.2–78.3) and 85.3% (95% CI: 72.8–97.8) at the herd level. At the animal level, differences in seroprevalence were observed because of herd size, animal age, animal sex, presence of ticks and contact with other herds. A multivariable logistic regression model identified three main risk factors associated with individual seropositivity: (1) age class > 11 years (OR = 8.81, 95% CI: 2.55–30.41), (2) herd size > 50 head (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.01–19.59) and (3) infestation with ticks (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.5). This study of seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection in camels in Algeria revealed a high seroprevalence of Q fever in camel populations in southeastern Algeria and provided strong evidence that Q fever represents an economic, public health and veterinary concern. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the spread of C. burnetii and to reduce the risk of Q fever in farm animals and humans in this agro-ecologically and strategically important region of North Africa.

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“…This reported a high seroprevalence of C. burnetii, (31.6% in cattle, 90.0% in camels and 54.2% in goats). A 6.4% prevalence of C. burnetii in Ethiopia was also report from different Ixodid ticks species by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction targeting two different genes followed by multi-spacer sequence typing (MST) by [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Q fever in dairy and slaughterhouse cattle of Jimma town, South Western Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background Q fever is a zoonotic disease, caused by Gram negative bacterium C. burnetii, which imparts significant socio-economic burden due to production and reproductive loss (abortion, stillbirth, and infertility) in ruminants and debilitating clinical disease in human populations. While sheep and goats are considered the primary reservoirs of infection to humans, infection can also result from exposure to cattle. Recent studies indicate that in Ethiopia Q fever is a disease of growing public health interest. The top cattle producing region in Ethiopia is the Oromia region and Jimma is the zone that ranks first in the population of cattle within Oromia. While in Jimma zone livestock production plays an important role in people’s livelihoods and nutrition, to date, there is no available report on seroprevalence of Q fever in cattle. This is particularly important due to the low dairy farm biosecurity in Jimma town. This study aimed to evaluate the potential risk for public health from cattle production; a specific objective of this study included the estimation of the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection and its potential risk factors in dairy cattle and cattle for slaughter in Jimma Town. Results The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cattle present at dairy farms was significantly lower compared to cattle presented at slaughterhouse [6.17% (95% CI: 3.41–10.13) and 11.79% (95% CI: 7.63–17.17), respectively; (P = 0.04)]. As the age of dairy cattle increase by 1 year, they were 1.51 more likely to be positive of C. burnetii [OR = 1.51 (95%CI: 1.30–1.75; (P = 0.000)]. Cattle managed in semi-intensive production systems were 8.08 more likely to be C. burnetii seropositive compared to intensively managed dairy cattle [OR = 8.08 (95%CI: 1.03–63.68); P = 0.047]. Dairy cattle with access to nuisance animals like dogs, cats and mice were 5.65 more likely to be C. burnetii seropositive compared to dairy cattle without access to these animals. On the other hand, dairy cattle that have no tick infestation are 93% less likely to be seropositive for C. burnetii [OR = 0.07 (95%CI: 0.01–0.74); P = 0.027]. Concerning farm-level data, farms of larger herd sizes were 1.03 more likely to be C. burnetii seropositive than small herd farms [OR = 1.03 (95%CI: 0.99–1.06)]. The result from slaughterhouse indicates that as the age of cattle increase by 1 year their chance of being C. burnetii seropositive increases by 2.27 [OR = 2.27 (95%CI: 1.93–2.68); p = 0.000]. Conclusion Considering its zoonotic and economic burden the seroprevalence of Q fever recorded in this study is of eminent public health concern with a farm-level and slaughterhouse seroprevalence of 6.17 and 11.79% respectively. Based on modifiable risk factors identified in this study, Q fever management plans better be focused on health education and awareness campaigns for abattoir workers and dairy farm workers. Dairy farm Q fever management plans should contemplate improved dairy herd biosecurity with regards to cattle tick infestation, keeping different livestock species segregated and avoiding mixing of herd with others with unknown health status.

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Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Coxiella burnetiiDetected in Tick Samples from Pastoral Communities in Kenya

Coxiella burnetiiDetected in Tick Samples from Pastoral Communities in Kenya

Seroprevalence and risk factors for <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, the causative agent of Q fever in the dromedary camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) population in Algeria

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Q fever in dairy and slaughterhouse cattle of Jimma town, South Western Ethiopia

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