Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with opium consumption in the Rafsanjan cohort study

Abstract

The potential effects of opium consumption on lipid profile remain unquantified. We considered the association between opium use and dyslipidemia. In this cross-sectional study, we used data obtained from the Rafsanjan cohort study, as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) with detailed and validated data on opium consumption and selected other exposures. A total of 9932 adults were included in the study. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships of opium consumption with the prevalence of dyslipidemia and lipid disorders. In this population, 73.33% had dyslipidemia and the prevalence rates of high TC, high TG, high LDL and low HDL were 54.24%, 47.45%, 34.43% and 11.91% respectively. After adjustment for all confounders, opium users compared with non-users had lower odds ratios (OR) of high TC and high LDL [0.81 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.71–0.92) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.69–0.93) respectively] and greater OR of low HDL [1.30 (95% CI 1.04–1.62)]. Longer duration of opium consumption resulted in lower ORs of high TC, 0.68 (95% CI 0.55–0.84) and high LDL, 0.82 (95% CI 0.67–0.99), and shorter duration of opium consumption resulted in increased odds of low HDL, 1.30 (95% CI 1.02–1.66). High dose of opium consumption was associated with an OR of dyslipidemia of 0.80 (95% CI 0.65–0.97), high TC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.95), and high LDL of 0.78 (95% CI 0.64–0.96) and low dose of opium consumption, with an OR of low HDL of 1.30 (95% CI 1.02–1.65). In relation to route of consumption, opium smoking was a risk factor for low HDL with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.31 (1.04–1.63). Opium use was associated with selected changes on serum lipid levels, but opium users had higher frequency of cardiovascular disease history.

Longitudinal Association between Physical Activity, Blood Lipids, and Risk of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2009 and 2015

“…The dyslipidemia prevalence reported in past Chinese studies, such as the national chronic kidney disease survey (34.0%) [ 25 ] and the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (33.8%) [ 2 ], has shown similar results. Countries outside of China, such as Korea (22.3%) [ 26 ], Columbia (87.7%) [ 27 ], the United Arab Emirates (72.5%) [ 28 ], and Iran (73.33%), have reported different and varying DL prevalence rates due to the different racial study populations being investigated, and differing diagnostic criteria used [ 29 ]. Specifically, the trends of DL subtypes during the six years are not consistent.…”

Predictive value of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride glycemic index for diabetes incidence in pre-diabetes patients: a prospective cohort study

“…Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), lipid profile (including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, and TG), and cardiovascular disorders including dyslipidemia (dyslipidemia was defined as LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL, or TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, or HDL ≤ 40 mg/dL in men, and 50 mg/dl in women or TG ≥ 150 mg/dL and or use of lipid-lowering medications in the past two weeks) [ 24 ], and hypertension (defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) [ 25 ] were obtained from the data center. Moreover, the 5-year incidence rate of T2DM in pre-diabetic individuals was calculated in regard to its quartiles and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).…”

Sleep duration, hypnotic drug use, and risk factors: cross- sectional study

“…Based on the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-Adult Treatment Panel III), we defined dyslipidemia as LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL, or TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, or HDL ≤ 40 mg/dL in men, and 50 mg/dl in women or TG ≥ 150 mg/dL and or using lipid-lowering medications during the past 2 weeks 26 .…”