Prevalence of cryptosporidium among patients with acute enteric infection

Holten-Andersen, Winnie; Gerstoft, Jan; Henriksen, S. A.; Pedersen, Niels Tinggaard

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(84)90618-2

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…18 Detection of three cases in recent months may indicate that either this organism is emerging as a newly identified pathogen for an old disease or its recognition is due to better understanding and improved methodology. We concur with the contention of Holten-Andersen et al 4 that human cryptosporidiosis may parallel the previous investigations regarding Campylobacter jejuni, in which utilization of special techniques revealed the organism to be more frequent than was suspected in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Human Cryptosporidiosis: Report of Three Cases

Qadri

Burdette

1989

Ann Saudi Med

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The presence of Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, was first reported in 1907 in the peptic glands of the common mouse.1 It infects many animals such as calves, lambs, goats, rabbits, deer, poultry, snakes, rats, cats, dogs, and others. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] This parasite was first implicated in human disease in 1976. 11 Although it was initially encountered in immunocompromised patients, especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), subsequently it was shown to occur in well-nourished immunocompetent patients in both developed and developing nations. 2,5,[12][13][14][15] Review of the literature and telephone inquiries at the major hospitals in Riyadh revealed that Cryptosporidium has not been reported previously as the causative agent of human disease. We report three cases of diarrhea in immunocompetent patients in which the sole pathogen found was Cryptosporidium. Case Reports Case 1A 5-year-old boy was seen in the Family Health Clinic with a 3-day history of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, with a frequency of five to six motions per day. Physical examination showed a well-nourished child with a height of 107 cm, weight 20.5 kg, blood pressure 80/50 mm Hg, temperature of 37.4°C, with dry lips, white coarse tongue, red throat, and light productive cough. Stool examination revealed watery specimen with little mucus and offensive odor. Stool cultures grew normal bacterial flora with no Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter. Microscopic examination showed no pus cells, and parasitologic analysis was positive for oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Diarrhea stopped after 5 days, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. Case 2A 6-year-old girl presented with a history of cough, fever of 38.3°C, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea of 2 days' duration. Physical examination was unremarkable. Her height was 105 cm, weight 22 kg, blood pressure 85/60 mm Hg, and temperature 38.1°C. Laboratory tests revealed a hemoglobin concentration of 112 g/L, leukocyte count of 7.5 × 10 9 /L with normal differential fractions. Stool examination showed greenish, watery, and offensive specimen devoid of mucus or pus cells. Bacterial cultures subsequently grew normal flora, and parasitologic examination revealed many oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Amoxicillin, 250 mg four times a day, started before laboratory results were available, was discontinued on the third day. Diarrhea stopped on the seventh day with complete recovery. Case 3A 37-year-old man had a 2-day history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and diarrheal stools six to eight times per day. Physical examination was unremarkable with a height of 176 cm, weight 76 kg, blood pressure 100/60 mm Hg, pulse rate 80 beats per minute, and temperature of 36.6°C. Laboratory results showed hemoglobin concentration of 109 g/L, and leukocyte count of 10.8 × 10 9 /L with normal differential. He appeared pale, but there was no evidence of jaundice. Abdominal examination was normal with no hepatosplenomegaly or tenderness. Diarrheal stool was watery and offensiv...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] This parasite was first implicated in human disease in 1976. 11 Although it was initially encountered in immunocompromised patients, especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), subsequently it was shown to occur in well-nourished immunocompetent patients in both developed and developing nations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Cryptosporidiosis: Report of Three Cases

Qadri

Burdette

1989

Ann Saudi Med

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“…3 More recently in Sydney, Australia, residents were infected during July to December 1998 by a Cryptosporidium contamination of drinking water supply. 4 In endemic cryptosporidiosis, diarrhea is transient in immunocompetent patients, [5][6][7][8] whereas in immunocompromized patients, especially those infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), diarrhea become severe, chronic, and life threatening. [9][10][11] To date, no effective treatment of cryptosporidiosis is available.…”

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confidence: 99%

CryptosporidiumContamination of Surface and Water Supplies in Haiti

Brasseur

Agnamey

Emmanuel

et al. 2011

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most frequent causes of diarrhea in Haiti. Transmission in children less than five years-old, HIV-infected individuals, and people living in low socio-economic conditions is frequently due to consumption of water or food contaminated by Cryptosporidium oocysts. This study examined the circulation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface waters and in public water supplies in the district of Port-au-Prince. Data were gathered from December 2000 to June 2002 in 37 sites. In the district of Port-au-Prince, 24/37 samples of water collected (65%) were contaminated by Cryptosporidium oocysts and 10/11 (91%) of those collected in reservoirs used by people living in peripheral areas. The rate of contamination was 7/13 (54%) in water from public standpipes provided by the public company of water distribution. All surface water (4/4) collected was highly contaminated.

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“…In severely infected patients fever, weight loss and malaise have been reported (Current et al, 1983;Wolfson et al, 1985). Asymptomatic infections have also been described in recent surveys (Holten-Anderson et al, 1984;Holley and Dover, 1986;Lahdevirta et al, 1987).…”

Section: Taxonomy and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 86%

Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis

2017

Frontiers in Parasitology

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Cryptosporidium parvum can cause debilitating disease in immunocompetent persons with cholera-like symptoms characterised by self-limiting, profuse diarrhoea; on the other hand asymptomatic infection with this organism frequently occurs. However, in immunocompromised patients, the disease is more severe and is lifethreatening.A pivotal aspect of the present survey was a comparative assessment of four commonly used staining techniques (viz. modified ZiehlNeelsen, safranin-methylene blue, auramine phenol fluorescence and Sheather's sucrose flotation) for the detection and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The Sheather's flotation method proved to be superior to the other three procedures which were not only less sensitive but also less specific. A modification of the Sheather's flotation technique was developed for use with diarrhoeal stools; this was found to be simple, reliable, costeffective and the least time consuming of the above methods; this was used exclusively in a subsequent survey of the association of Cryptosporidium infection with diarrhoea in hospitalised children.

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Prevalence of cryptosporidium among patients with acute enteric infection

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Human Cryptosporidiosis: Report of Three Cases

Human Cryptosporidiosis: Report of Three Cases

CryptosporidiumContamination of Surface and Water Supplies in Haiti

Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis

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