Prevalence of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in pigs and pig farm workers in an area of Catalonia, Spain

Reynaga, Esteban; Navarro, Marian; Vilamala, Anna; Roure, Pere; Quintana, Manuel; García-Núñez, Marian; Figueras, Raül; Torres, Carmén; Lucchetti, Gianni; Sabrià, Miquel

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2050-9

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We also analysed the antibiotic resistance phenotypes in MRSA of the different groups; we detected greater resistance to erythromycin and especially to clindamycin in MRSA-Tet R strains. A similar resistance profile was identified in a previous study on pig farm workers [6] and could be associated with the enrichment in clindamycin resistance genes (specially lnuA, lunB and vga) among MRSA CC398 isolates [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Clinical impact and prevalence of MRSA CC398 and differences between MRSA-TetR and MRSA-TetS in an area of Spain with a high density of pig farming: a prospective cohort study

Reynaga

Torres

García-Núñez

et al. 2017

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The county of Osona (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain) is an area with a high density of pig farms. Furthermore, a high nasal carriage rate of MRSA ST 398 (all Tet R ) has been recently detected in pig farm workers and farm animals in the Osona region [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact and prevalence of MRSA CC398 and differences between MRSA-TetR and MRSA-TetS in an area of Spain with a high density of pig farming: a prospective cohort study

Reynaga

Torres

García-Núñez

et al. 2017

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…In this study, all farms were MRSA-positive, but samples from Farms B and D showed considerably lower concentrations on MRSA-agar than on SA-agar. A large fraction of the pig farms, for example in Denmark ( Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark, 2017 ), Germany ( Dahms et al , 2014 ), Spain ( Reynaga et al , 2016 ), and Poland ( Mroczkowska et al , 2017 ) are MRSA-positive, and the fraction has increased over time. The results of this study are therefore also relevant for other countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne MRSA and Total Staphylococcus aureus as Associated With Particles of Different Sizes on Pig Farms

Madsen

Kurdi

Feld

et al. 2018

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

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Airborne methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have previously been found on pig farms, which may lead to nasal deposition of MRSA in humans via inhalation. The anterior nares are the main niche for S. aureus, and S. aureus can cause, e.g. wound infection and pneumonia. The aim of this study was to acquire knowledge about the potential deposition of airborne MRSA, specifically, and of total S. aureus (including both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and MRSA, in the following called S. aureus) in the different parts of the airways during occupancy on pig farms. Measurements of airborne MRSA and S. aureus were performed on four pig farms using a six and a three-stage sampler during different work tasks, such as high-pressure cleaning and everyday inspection. MRSA were quantified using MRSA-selective agar, and S. aureus were quantified using Staphylococcus selective agar. The identity of the bacteria were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of MRSA and S. aureus were 447 cfu/m3 air and 1.8 × 103 cfu/m3 air, respectively. The highest concentrations of MRSA and S. aureus were found among pigs in a weaner stable and during high-pressure cleaning of an empty stable, respectively. The lowest concentrations of MRSA and S. aureus were found in a stable with sick pigs and in feed-storages, respectively. Most MRSA and S. aureus were associated with particles between 7 and 12 µm. On average, the particle size fractions potentially depositing in the upper airways constituted 70%, in the primary and secondary bronchi 22%, and in the terminal bronchi and alveoli 8% of the inhalable MRSA and S. aureus concentration. Across the sampled areas, the geometric mean diameter (Dg) of particles with MRSA and S. aureus were 7.2 and 6.4 µm, respectively, and no significant difference was found between these Dgs. The Dg of the airborne particles with the studied bacterium was significantly associated with the different locations on the farms. The largest Dgs were found in the air samples from the aisles and on the fence to the pens, while the smallest Dgs were found in samples from the pens among the pigs and in samples taken at greater distances from the pigs: in the hallway, feed-storage, and entry room. In conclusion, airborne MRSA and S. aureus were found in sample fractions potentially depositing in all six parts of the airways. However, the majority was found to potentially deposit in the upper airways. The concentration of airborne MRSA and S. aureus and MRSA, as well as the fraction potentially depositing in the different parts of the airways, depended on the specific work task being performed and the location on the farm.

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“…For example, S. aureus carriage rate was significant high in India (71.4%) and Ireland (26%–73%), 32 , 33 and MRSA carriage rate was significant high in Germany (49%–70.8%) and Spain (46%). 34 , 35 There may be several reasons for this difference, such as geographical location, sampling methods, bacterial isolation and identification methods (conventional biochemical methods or PCR test; enrichment or no enrichment), livestock density, and antibiotic usage. In this study, S. aureus (including MDRSA) prevalence rate in slaughterhouse pigs was significantly higher than that observed in farm pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from pigs: implication for livestock-association markers and vaccine strategies

Guo¹,

Liu²,

Han³

et al. 2018

IDR

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BackgroundRoutine non-therapeutic antimicrobial use and overcrowding in animal farming may facilitate the propagation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to examine the carriage prevalence and phenotype–genotype characteristics of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolated from pigs.MethodsNasal swabs were collected from 1,458 pigs in 9 pig farms and 3 slaughterhouses. All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, and virulence genes, and characterized by multilocus sequence typing. The correspondence analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between multiple phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates.ResultsIn the 1,458 pigs, the carriage prevalence was 9.5% for S. aureus, 3.3% for MRSA, and 9.3% for multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Notably, 97.1% S. aureus isolates were multidrug resistant, and the predominant resistance pattern was non-susceptible to clindamycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. The predominant genotype was CC9 (ST9) for S. aureus and MRSA isolates. Importantly, all S. aureus isolates were negative for the scn gene and resistant to tetracycline. Notably, all 9 linezolid-resistant isolates were classified as multidrug resistance, including 1 expressing the cfr gene and 6 expressing the optrA gene. The correspondence analysis showed a significant relationship between clonal complexes and resistance pattern or virulence genes. For example, CC9 was associated with extensive drug-resistance and co-carrying chp, sak, and hlb, and CC1 was associated with multidrug resistance and co-carrying sak and hlb.ConclusionThe significant correspondence relationship between multiple characteristics provides some implication for vaccine strategies and new ideas for monitoring new epidemiologic clones.

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Prevalence of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in pigs and pig farm workers in an area of Catalonia, Spain

Cited by 53 publications

References 41 publications

Clinical impact and prevalence of MRSA CC398 and differences between MRSA-TetR and MRSA-TetS in an area of Spain with a high density of pig farming: a prospective cohort study

Clinical impact and prevalence of MRSA CC398 and differences between MRSA-TetR and MRSA-TetS in an area of Spain with a high density of pig farming: a prospective cohort study

Airborne MRSA and Total Staphylococcus aureus as Associated With Particles of Different Sizes on Pig Farms

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from pigs: implication for livestock-association markers and vaccine strategies

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