Prevalence of Class I, Class II, and Class III Malocclusions (Angle) in an Urban Population An Epidemiological Study

Are severe occlusal problems more frequent in permanent than deciduous dentition?

“…2,7,10,13,14,18 Meta-analysis was applied to the results of these studies. Unlike the first phase when there was no difficulty in establishing equivalence criteria between age and dentition, in the second one, the pure application of this rule was not possible because there were no studies with such characteristics.…”

“…Data regarding age, sex, type of school (public or private), and ethnic group (African Brazilian, white, yellow or black) were collected. 23 Occlusal status was ascertained using the occlusal index recommended by the World Health Organization, 25 divided into three categories: [0] no malocclusion; [1] mild malocclusion: minor anomalies such as one or more rotated or tilted teeth or slight crowding or spacing, which disturb the regular teeth alignment; [2] moderate/severe malocclusion: more seri-ous anomalies generally regarded as unacceptable and affecting facial appearance, or a significant reduction in chewing function, or impairment of speech; specifically, the presence of one or more of the following conditions of the four anterior incisors: maxillary overjet estimated to be 9 mm or more; mandibular overjet; anterior crossbite equal to or greater than a full tooth; open bite; midline shift estimated to be more than 4 mm; and crowding or spacing estimated to be more than 4 mm. The examiners followed a number of adaptations recommended by the Collective Oral Health research group of the School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo, in which no defined occlusal deviations in these criteria such as posterior crossbite (uni or bilateral), overbite or vertical crossing over above 2 mm, should be categorized as code [1] in order not to overestimate the malocclusion severity in the study population.…”

“…McCall 13 Newman 14 Emrich et al 2 Grewe et al 7 Kelly et al 8,9 Saturno 18 Weighted Odds ratio* Weighted odds ratio 1.93*** 1.95**** *See the complete references in the list in the end of the article **The cut-off value was TPI>3 ***Yes = only severe malocclusion ***All studies included ****Emrich et al 2 study excluded ferences generated by the occlusal analysis in the sample of schoolchildren aged 5 and 12 from the municipality of São Paulo.…”

Prevalência de oclusopatia na dentição decídua e permanente de crianças na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, 1996

“…Embora a relação entre certos traços físicos e o padrão facial, muito notavelmente àqueles tipos associados à relação anterior-posterior dos maxilares, seja largamente reconhecida na literatura (Baume, 1974;Brunelle et al, 1996;El-Mangoury & Mostafa, 1990;Emrich et al, 1965;Grecco, 1966;Kelly et al, 1973;Kelly & Harvey, 1977;Lew et al, 1993;Proffit et al, 1998;Takahashi, 1975;Trottman & Elsbach, 1996;Wheeler et al, 1994), não existe conhecimento suficiente para sustentar a noção apresentada por Van der Linden (1966), de que o aumento da prevalência das oclusopatias seja atribuível à miscigenação racial/étnica, sendo esta responsável pela elevação considerável da variabilidade genética com a sucessão das gerações. As contribuições científicas contemporâneas, oriundas principalmente da genética e da antropologia, apontam para direção oposta.…”

Genetic Factors Affecting Facial Growth

“…(Wolff et al, 1993) The highest prevalence of Class III malocclusion is observed in East Asian populations such as Korean, Chinese, and Japanese (8%-40%). (Allwright, 1964;Ishii et al, 2002) By comparison, African populations exhibit a reduced prevalence rate (3-8%) compared to Asian samples (Emrich et al, 1965;Garner & Butt, 1985), as do individuals of European or European-American (Caucasian) decent (reports varying between 0.48%-9.5%, with most in the 3-5% range) (Davidov et al, 1961;Emrich et al, 1965;Goose et al, 1957;Helm, 1968;Horowitz, 1970;Ingervall, 1974;Laine & Hausen, 1983;Luffingham & Campbell, 1974;Massler & Frankel, 1951;Solow & Helm, 1968;Tipton & Rinchuse, 1991) While the prevalence in a sample of Native American Chippewa Indian children is relatively low (2.6-3.1%), (Grewe et al, 1968) North American Eskimos in Labrador, Canada have a class III prevalence of approximately 16%. (Zammit et al, 1995) (Zammit, Hans, et al 1995) Populations in South America are often a mixture of Caucasian/European, African and Amerindian decent.…”