Genetic Factors Affecting Facial Growth

Hartsfield, James K.; Morford, Lorri A.; Otero, Liliana

doi:10.5772/33804

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The outcome of the environment (for example hormonal, respiratory, and dietary factors) on the human genome can be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms through regulation of the transcriptional activity of particular genes, at particular points in time, and in particular organs. They can specify cellular variation without changing the sequence of DNA [16,17]. Epigenetic modifications are important to many processes inside and outside of cells and are necessary to most organismal functions, such as senescence, X chromosome inactivation, cellular reprogramming, and imprinting.…”

Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Crouzon Syndrome

Ariella¹,

Auerkari²

2018

Proceedings of the 11th International Dentistry Scientific Meeting (IDSM 2017)

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Premature fusion of cranial sutures is called craniosynostosis. The prevalence of this condition is approximately 1 in 2100 to 1 in 2500 births. In approximately 20% of cases, mutations in single genes can be identified as causative agents of craniosynostosis. The most common form of craniosynostosis is called Crouzon syndrome. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is involved in the pathogenesis of Crouzon syndrome. This gene belongs to a family of transmembrane tyrosine kinases and is located on10q26.13. The function of FGFR2 is to regulate the process of intracellular signaling. The inheritance pattern of Crouzon syndrome is autosomal dominant, whereby a single copy of the altered gene in each cell results in an affected individual. In addition to genetic factors, epigenetics also plays a role in Crouzon syndrome.

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Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Crouzon Syndrome

Ariella¹,

Auerkari²

2018

Proceedings of the 11th International Dentistry Scientific Meeting (IDSM 2017)

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“…The condition can be pre-sented with distinct cephalometric features such as a short anterior cranial base length, acute cranial base angle, short retrusive maxilla, proclined maxillary incisors, retro--clined mandibular incisors, an ex-cessive lower anterior face height and obtuse gonial angle. It can be associated with maxillary retrusion or mandibular protrusion or both [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial aggregation of mandibular prognathism

Lee

Yang

2015

d3000

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Mandibular prognathism is a hereditary condition where there is an excess growth of the mandible in relation to the maxilla that can be associated with maxillary retrusion, mandibular protrusion, or both. Skeletal mandibular prognathism is most prevalent in Eastern Asian populations. This paper focuses on a Korean family with skeletal mandibular prognathism that was inherited through three generations. Apparently, neither mandible nor maxilla is retruded in the affected individuals, but there is a concave facial profile. The dentition has a class I occlusion with skeletal mandibular prognathism, and the only way to treat this case would be orthognathic surgery with the help of orthodontic appliances.

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“…The complexity of genetics in dentofacial variation explains why most treatments approaching malocclusion with mandibular asymmetry directed to the symptoms rather than its etiology. Despite the polygenic traits of mandible asymmetry, the study of genomic is fundamental for any clinicians in understanding the biology of underlying craniofacial growth and dental phenotype related to asymmetry [4,5,24].…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern orthodontists need to be aware of the basis of the genetic sciences due to rapid advances in genetic techniques and application in orthodontic practices. Genome-wide association studies, metabolic pathway analysis and candidate gene studies are necessary to further the evidence base for the practice of orthodontics to determine the diagnosis for each patient in the era of truly personalized orthodontics [5].…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of malocclusion heritability about genetic contribution to asymmetry is quite rare nowadays. The different expression of masticatory muscle fibers that attached directly to mandibular condyle demonstrated stronger genetic component of variability measurement in the vertical dimension rather than sagittal [4][5][6]. Smooth and skeletal muscles in the temporomandibular joint attach directly to the mandibular condyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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