Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: systematic review of population-based studies

Chukwuonye, Innocent Ijezie; Anyabolu, Ernest Ndukaife; Ohagwu, Kenneth Arinze; Nwabuko, Ogbonna Collins; Onwuchekwa, Uwa; Chukwuonye, Miracle Erinma; Chukwuebuka, Emmanuel; Oviasu, E

doi:10.2147/ijnrd.s162230

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem (1,2), that increasing rapidly worldwide and is gaining much attention in both the developed as well as developing countries (3,4). It is found in 10% of the global population (5,6), and it affects 10-16% of the adult population in China, Asia, Australia, Europe and the United States (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese First degree relatives of hemodialysis patients are at Higher Risk for Developing Kidney Diseases: In a Cross-sectional Study

Elemam

2019

SJMS

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Background: Previously, it has been demonstrated that obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for incident chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Currently, we examine the association between Body mass index (BMI) and CKD in first degree relatives (FDRs) of renal failure patients on hemodialysis. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 135 FDRs of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis were included. Serum creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were estimated. The height in Cm, weight in Kg was measured, and the BMI was calculated. Results: Females 64% were found to have a higher frequency than males 36%. The frequency of BMI categories was found to be 26.7% obese, 26.7% overweight, and 46.6. % normal weight. The mean BMI was (26.0 ± 6.62). The prevalence of CKDs is 19.3% among relatives. CKDs were more frequent 42.3 % in obese, followed by 30.8 % in overweight and 26.9% in normal-weight relatives. Obese and overweight relatives have significantly higher ACR than normal weight (P= 0.012). GFR found to be significantly higher in obese and overweight relatives than normal weight (P = 0.000). GFR was negatively correlated with BMI (R = - 0.430, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Obese and overweight RF relatives had higher ACR and lower eGFR. Therefore, obese and overweight members are at higher risk of developing CKD. Keywords: CKDs, Family members, BMI, Obesity, ACR, eGFR. Corresponding author: Abozaid Mohammed Hamid, email: elemam69@hotmail.com

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese First degree relatives of hemodialysis patients are at Higher Risk for Developing Kidney Diseases: In a Cross-sectional Study

Elemam

2019

SJMS

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“…The prevalence of CKD in Nigeria is 11.4-26% [13]. Hypertension is a major cause of CKD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in Nigeria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients in Medical Outpatient Clinic of a Rural Tertiary Hospital

Jeffrey¹,

Oladimeji²,

Tolulope³

et al. 2020

J Hypertens Manag

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Background: There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence globally, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as a major public health problem. Data on the burden of CKD on the African continent are sparse for rural population. Hypertension related kidney disease accounts for a large percentage of the population requiring renal replacement therapy worldwide. Therefore, we determined the burden of CKD in patients with hypertension attending a tertiary hospital located in a rural community. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients of a medical outpatient clinic in Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Study patients were consecutively recruited from Cardiac clinic and baseline data were obtained from the patients' files which include the blood pressure, plasma creatinine, age, gender, ethnicity, and other necessary data. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using estimated GFR by Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. The estimated minimum sample size was 179 with probability of type 1 error, assumption of α = 0.05 and power of 95%. A total of 204 patients with the minimum number of investigation results were included. Results: A total of 204 hypertensive patients were studied. The patients were aged between 29 and 90 years with a mean age of 62.9 ± 12.9 years. The study population was made up of 93 males and 111 females. Overall, about 50% of the patients at presentation have CKD (GFR below 60 ml/ min/1.73 m 2), p < 0.05. Majority of the patients belonged to the low socioeconomic class presenting with stage 2 hypertension. Conclusion: The burden of CKD in this report among hypertensive patients suggest a significant public-health problem on the basis of the tremendous burden of CKD among the poor, its distribution among the patients, and the existence of effective treatments that are not affordable and available to a large proportion of these groups of people.

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“…There is no national data on prevalence of CKD, and only few community-based studies were done in some regions of the country. A recent systematic review identified 7 population-based studies, 5 from the Southern part and 2 from the Northern part [ 5 ]; in this study, the prevalence of CKD ranged from 2.5 to 26%. Oluyombo et al [ 6 ] previously reported the prevalence of CKD of 18% in a rural community in South-Western Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar study in the South-East Nigeria found a prevalence of 11.4% in rural, and 11.7% in semi-urban dwellers [ 7 ]. In addition, a study from North-West Nigeria in the recent review documented CKD prevalence of 26% [ 5 ], suggesting overall high prevalence of CKD and indicating a need for more studies to understand the true burden of CKD in Nigerian population. Combining regional population-based studies with sufficient power allow to estimate the true magnitude of CKD where national data is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in North-Central Nigeria: a population-based survey

et al. 2020

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Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. There is insufficient population-based data on CKD in Nigeria that is required to estimate its true burden, and to design prevention and management strategies. The study aims to determine the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in Nigeria. Methods We studied 8 urban communities in Kwara State, North-Central zone of Nigeria. Blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, urinalysis, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were obtained. Albuminuria and kidney length were measured by ultrasound while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was derived from serum creatinine, using chronic disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Associations of risk factors with CKD were determined by multivariate logistic regression and expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results One thousand three hundred and fifty-three adults ≥18 years (44% males) with mean age of 44.3 ± 14.4 years, were screened. Mean kidney lengths were: right, 93.5 ± 7.0 cm and left, 93.4 ± 7.5 cm. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 24%; diabetes 4%; obesity 8.7%; albuminuria of > 30 mg/L 7%; and dipstick proteinuria 13%. The age-adjusted prevalence of CKD by estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or Proteinuria was 12%. Diabetes (aOR 6.41, 95%CI = 3.50–11.73, P = 0.001), obesity (aOR 1.50, 95%CI = 1.10–2.05, P = 0.011), proteinuria (aOR 2.07, 95%CI = 1.05–4.08, P = 0.035); female sex (aOR 1.67, 95%CI = 1.47–1.89, P = 0.001); and age (aOR 1.89, 95%CI = 1.13–3.17, P = 0.015) were the identified predictors of CKD. Conclusions CKD and its risk factors are prevalent among middle-aged urban populations in North-Central Nigeria. It is common among women, fueled by diabetes, ageing, obesity, and albuminuria. These data add to existing regional studies of burden of CKD that may serve as template for a national prevention framework for CKD in Nigeria. One of the limitations of the study is that the participants were voluntary community dwellers and as such not representative for the community. The sample may thus have been subjected to selection bias possibly resulting in overestimation of CKD risk factors.

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Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: systematic review of population-based studies

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Obese First degree relatives of hemodialysis patients are at Higher Risk for Developing Kidney Diseases: In a Cross-sectional Study

Obese First degree relatives of hemodialysis patients are at Higher Risk for Developing Kidney Diseases: In a Cross-sectional Study

Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients in Medical Outpatient Clinic of a Rural Tertiary Hospital

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in North-Central Nigeria: a population-based survey

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