Prevalence of cariogenic streptococci on incisor brackets detected by polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the main causative organisms for enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of cariogenic streptococci adhering to incisor brackets. Methods: Four incisor brackets from both the maxilla and the mandible were collected from 80 patients at debonding, immediately after the visible plaque index and the gingival bleeding index were measured from the incisors. The genomic DNA of adhered cariogenic streptococci was extracted and amplified by using polymerase chain reaction, and the prevalence of cariogenic streptococci was determined and compared with oral hygiene indexes in the incisor area. Results:The results showed that the prevalence of S mutans on incisor brackets was higher than that of S sobrinus, and the maxillary incisor brackets were colonized by both cariogenic streptococci to a somewhat higher degree than were the mandibular brackets. The prevalence of S mutans was 50.0% on the maxillary incisor brackets and 33.8% on the mandibular incisor brackets, but that of S sobrinus was 17.5% and 15.0%, respectively. At least 1 species of cariogenic streptococci was detected on the incisor brackets of 51 subjects (63.7%). However, the prevalence of cariogenic streptococci was not significantly associated with the oral hygiene indexes at debonding. Conclusions: Cariogenic streptococci can adhere to orthodontic brackets. Careful hygiene control around orthodontic brackets is important. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:736-41)

Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances

“…The subsequent growth of these initially adherent bacteria that have been removed incompletely by tooth brushing may eventually lead to the formation of a pathogenic oral biofilm. [8][9][10][11] Organic acids produced by the adherent bacteria can cause enamel demineralization around a bracket, which can cause deterioration of the orthodontic treatment outcome.…”

Oral Health Changes during Early Phase of Orthodontic Treatment

“…These results are consistent with those of Chang et al 24 and ulukapi et al 25 .isolation of cariogenic microflora has been based on laboratory procedures (colonial morphology grown, biochemical and immunologic tests), which can be inaccurate. PCr is a sensitive and specific method that uses specific dnA fractions for detection of microorganisms 26 . results from this study indicated a slight, statistically nonsignificant increase in cariogenic microflora during the t1-t2 period.…”

Penurunan jumlah Streptococcus mutans pada saliva anak dengan ortodonti cekat setelah konsumsi yoghurt (Reduction of salivary Mutans Streptococci in children with fixed orthodontic appliance after yoghurt consumption)

“…1 Prevalensi karies yang tinggi 90% terjadi pada anak-anak dan terutama anak pemakai ortodonti cekat dimana terjadi aktifitas mikroorganisme yang menyebabkan enamel demineralisasi yang secara klinis terlihat sebagai white spot lesion disekitar brackets. 2,3 Berbagai mekanisme dapat digunakan dalam mencegah karies, antara lain dengan mengubah kebiasaan pasien dalam mengkonsumsi makanan yang berkarbohidrat tinggi, meningkatkan kebersihan mulut dan menggunakan obat kumur antiseptik, namun obat kumur tidak direkomendasikan untuk anak karena mempunyai efek samping jika digunakan dalam jangka panjang dan pada kenyataannya rasa obat kumur tidak disukai sebagian besar anak-anak.…”