Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the United States

Martins, David; Wolf, Myles; Pan, Deyu; Zadshir, Ashraf; Tareen, Naureen; Thadhani, Ravi; Felsenfeld, Arnold J.; Levine, Barton S.; Mehrotra, Rajnish; Norris, Keith C.

doi:10.1001/archinte.167.11.1159

Cited by 771 publications

(620 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is worth noting that this study, conducted in Recife, northeastern Brazil, where the tropical climate predominates most of the time, showed a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly similar to the data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 20. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the present study was also lower than that reported for the French population, mainly for those above 60 years of age (80.3%),21 as well as for populations in northern India, near the Himalayas, where the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 83% and is associated with chronic stable angina 22.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Association between vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly

Porto

Silva

Luz³

et al. 2017

ESC Heart Failure

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AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics.Methods and resultsA cross‐sectional study with an analytical approach was employed. Clinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016. The dependent variable was the risk of heart failure; the independent variable was vitamin D deficiency; and intervening factors were age, gender, education, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, renal failure, dementia, stroke, dyslipidaemia, depression, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, andropause, and cardiac arrhythmia. To analyse the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure, we used the bivariate logistic analysis, followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model. Of the 137 elderly, the study found the following: women (75.9%); overweight (48.2%); obese (30.6%); increase in the index waist/hip (88.3%); dyslipidaemia (94.2%) and hypertension (91.2%); coronary artery disease (35.0%); and 27.7% with cardiac arrhythmia or left ventricular hypertrophy. Sixty‐five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D. The risk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR): 12.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.23–35.16; P = 0.000], male gender (OR: 15.32; 95% CI = 3.39–69.20, P = 0.000), obesity (OR: 4.17; 95% CI = 1.36–12.81; P = 0.012), and cardiac arrhythmia (OR: 3.69; 95% CI = 1.23–11.11; P = 0.020).ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, and the evidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of heart failure in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Association between vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly

Porto

Silva

Luz³

et al. 2017

ESC Heart Failure

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“…20 Although we did not find any association between serum 25OHD and blood pressure, previous crosssectional studies 16,33 have documented an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD and blood pressure. In the cross-sectional analyses restricted to 12 644 people aged 20 years and above, mean (standard error) SBP was 3.0 (0.7) mm Hg lower (P ¼ 0.0004) and DBP was 1.6 (0.6) mm Hg lower (P ¼ 0.011) for participants in the highest quintile (25OHDX85.7 nmol l À1 ) compared with the lowest (25OHDo40.4 nmol l À1 ), after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity and physical activity.…”

Section: -O76contrasting

confidence: 79%

“…These findings are supported by results of some observational studies, 31,32 but not the others. 16,21,33 In the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam, serum PTH rather than serum 25OHD was associated with SBP or DBP, or prevalence of hypertension in 1205 men and women aged 65 years and older after adjustment of potential confounders. 31 The result was consistent with that of the Ranch Bernardo Study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure in a cross-sectional study in older Chinese men

Chan

Woo

et al. 2011

J Hum Hypertens

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Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and their associations with blood pressure in Chinese population are unknown. This study examined these associations in older Chinese men. Blood pressure, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and PTH was measured in 939 community-dwelling Chinese men aged 65 years and older. Linear regression analyses were performed with adjustments for age, body mass index, education, season of measurement, medication use, self-reported history of stroke and Parkinson's disease, and other lifestyle factors. In either crude or adjusted models, serum 25OHD was not associated with blood pressure, whereas increasing PTH levels was associated with higher blood pressure. Men in the highest quartile of serum PTH level had a mean difference of 3.4 mm Hg and 2.8 mm Hg higher in as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, than men in the lowest quartile of serum PTH level (P trend ¼ 0.019 for SBP and o0.001 for DBP). In conclusion, the findings support an association between serum PTH and blood pressure, but not for serum 25OHD in older Chinese men whose vitamin D status is optimal. The lack of association between serum 25OHD and blood pressure may possibly because of the relatively high serum 25OHD levels of the study sample.

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“…These findings cannot be entirely explained by differences in calcium intake and vitamin D status, and the possibility that skeletal resistance to PTH may be partly responsible has been suggested (23)(24)(25). Nevertheless, at least two lines of evidence suggest that hypovitaminosis D is common among black individuals and may be responsible for their higher PTH levels (26,27). Using NHANES III data, Martins et al (27) demonstrated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in women and racial and ethnic minorities and in participants with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease Complications in US Adults

Ibrahim

Wang

Ishani

et al. 2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Background and objectives: An ideal and effective screening tool should perform equally across ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to determine whether the widely advocated creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) threshold of 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 identifies the typical metabolic abnormalities related to chronic kidney disease equally well in minority and nonminority adults.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: This objective was addressed using data for 8918 minority and nonminority adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 through 2006, which used stratified, multistage, probability sampling methods to assemble a nationwide probability sample of the noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Metabolic abnormalities including BP, potassium, hemoglobin, bicarbonate, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were defined by fifth or 95th percentile values.Results: Among participants with eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , black individuals were more likely than white individuals to have low hemoglobin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94 to 7.28), elevated uric acid (aOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.26 to 3.68), and elevated parathyroid hormone (aOR 3.93; 95% CI 2.33 to 6.66).Conclusions: Metabolic consequences of reduced eGFR are more common in black individuals and seem to be present at levels well above 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ; thus, black individuals should be screened for the metabolic complications of chronic kidney at higher GFR levels.

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the United States

Cited by 771 publications

References 43 publications

Association between vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly

Association between vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure in a cross-sectional study in older Chinese men

Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease Complications in US Adults

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