Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids of Western Pará, Brazil

Moreira, Thiago Rocha; Sarturi, Cristiane; Stelmachtchuk, Felipe Nascimento; Andersson, Emelie; Norlander, Emma; Oliveira, Francisco Leonardo Costa; Portela, Juliana Machado; Marcili, Arlei; Emanuelson, Ulf; Gennari, Solange Maria; Minervino, Antônio Humberto Hamad

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.023

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, some external forces such as wind, rain, and surface water can facilitate its diffusions in the environment. Although the source of water and source of fodder were not evaluated as the potential risk factors in the present study, these have been identified as the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in domestic animals, such as cow, goat, sheep, and equids ( Dubey et al., 2014 ; Gazzonis et al., 2019 ; Moreira et al., 2019 ). Thus, more future studies should be conducted for detecting the T. gondii oocysts in their environment for further assessment of the risk of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cats, as the final hosts of this parasite, excrete oocysts via their feces infecting the intermediate hosts such as the domestic animals ( Dubey, 2004 ). The presence of cats in the animals’ habitat has been strongly associated with the prevalence of the anti- T. gondii antibodies ( Moreira et al., 2019 ). In this study, the presence of a cat in the house was found to be a significant risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity among these tested domestic donkeys ( p = 0.008; adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.26–4.44) ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

Chen

Zhao

Meng³

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan. Donkeys are often susceptible to many pathological agents, acting as carriers of pathogens for other animal species and humans. However, data on the prevalence of T. gondii in donkeys during lactation and on the status of antibodies against T. gondii in donkey milk are lacking. A cross-sectional study evaluated the variation of the anti-T. gondii antibodies in the blood and milk of domestic donkeys during lactation. A total of 418 domestic donkeys were randomly selected from the Shandong province, eastern China from January 2019 to March 2020. The anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 11.72% (49/418) serum and 9.81% (41/418) milk samples using a commercial ELISA kit, respectively. There was a very high consistency between the serum and milk (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.858, p-value < 0.0001 and Kendall’s tau = 0.688, p-value < 0.0001), particularly at the 45th to 60th day of lactation. The present results of the statistical analysis showed that the history of abortion (p = 0.026; adjusted OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.15–4.20) and cat in the house (p = 0.008; adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.26–4.44) were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the domestic donkeys. This is the first report to detect antibodies against T. gondii in donkey milk in China. These results indicate a potential risk of humans contracting the infection through the consumption of raw milk from the naturally infected donkeys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

Chen

Zhao

Meng³

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Serological screening for the presence of anti- Neospora spp. antibodies was conducted on 1:2 serial dilutions of the sera, starting at 1:50 as a cut-off value for screening [ 19 , 25 , 29 ], up to a final dilution of 1:3200.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora Spp. in Donkeys in Israel: Serological Survey and Case Reports

Tirosh-Levy

Steinman

Minderigiu

et al. 2020

Animals

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are closely related cyst-forming coccidian parasites, which infect various animal species and have considerable zoonotic and economic implications, respectively. Both parasites are endemic in Israel and have been reported to infect wild and domestic animals. This study was conceived to evaluate the serologic exposure of donkeys to these parasites. Serum samples were collected from 98 donkeys. Half of them (n = 49) were from animal shelters in Israel, and the rest (n = 49) were working donkeys from the Palestinian Authority. The donkeys were screened for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma and anti-Neospora antibodies by immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFATs). The seroprevalence of T. gondii and Neospora spp. was 94% and 70%, respectively, and 69% of the donkeys were exposed to both parasites. In addition, N. caninum tissue cysts were documented in two donkeys during post-mortem examination. This is the first report of the exposure of donkeys to T. gondii and Neospora spp. in the area. The high prevalence found in this study suggests that donkeys may have a role in the maintenance of these parasites in the area, thus serving as a source of infection for the definitive hosts.

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“…In Brazil, the frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies in equids ranges from 10% to 28%. It has been detected in all Brazilian regions and in different animal populations (Gennari et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2016;Moura et al, 2016;Venturi et al, 2017;Guerra et al, 2018;Moreira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and risk factors associated with infection in equids slaughtered for human consumption in Brazil

Arruda

Freitas

Carrijo

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Ingestion of raw/undercooked meat is considering an important route of infection. Consumption of meat from equids is common in European and Asian countries and an increase in Brazil has been observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrences of anti-T. gondii antibodies and risk factors relating to infection in equids slaughtered for human consumption in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Blood samples from 192 horses and 208 donkeys were collected in the exsanguination area during the slaughter. Serum samples were subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Association analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, to evaluate risk factors relating to the prevalence of seroreagents. Antibodies against T. gondii were found in 13.5% of the equids, with higher occurrence in horses (18.75%) than in donkeys (8.65%). Associations between seropositivity and the following variables were found (p ≤ 0.05): species, animal origin, purpose of rearing and source of water for animal consumption and contact with cats. Farms need to implement preventive measures to control T. gondii infection in these species and avert transmission of the parasite to the human population that will consume their meat.

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Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in equids of Western Pará, Brazil

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

High Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora Spp. in Donkeys in Israel: Serological Survey and Case Reports

Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and risk factors associated with infection in equids slaughtered for human consumption in Brazil

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