Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in young and middle‐aged women

Abstract

Objective To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) in young and middle-aged women. Subjects and methods During 1998 the prevalence of overall, stress, urge and mixed UI was assessed in women working in a French academic hospital. Women (2800) received a questionnaire at the same time as their yearly interview with a staff physician in occupational medicine. The usual risk factors for constitutional events, i.e. increasing age, obesity (de®ned as a body mass index of o25), obstetric events (pregnancy, previous Caesarean delivery, previous vaginal delivery, postpartum incontinence) and gynaecological events (hysterectomy) were evaluated. Results Of the 1700 women (mean age 40.0 years) who returned the questionnaire, 467 (27.5%, 95% con®dence interval, CI, 25.4±29.7) reported UI, comprising 210 (12.4%, 10.8±14.0) with stress UI, 28 (1.6%, 1.1±2.4) with urge UI and 229 (13.5%, 11.9±15.2) with mixed UI. Thirty-eight women (8.1%) had frequent urinary leakage, comprising one (0.5%), four (14.3%) and 33 (14.4%) with stress, urge and mixed UI. The prevalence of UI increased signi®cantly with age o40 years, with a relative risk (95% CI) of 2.16 (1.86±2.57), and with pregnancy (2.22, 1.71±2.87), previous vaginal delivery (2.15, 1.72±2.69), postpartum incontinence (2.57, 2.22±2.97), and hysterectomy (1.52, 1.11±2.08). Obesity (1.14, 0.99±1.32) and previous Caesarean delivery (2.15, 1.72±2.69) did not sig-ni®cantly increase the risk of UI. The risk factors for stress UI were age o40 years, pregnancy, previous vaginal delivery, postpartum incontinence and hysterectomy , but there was no relationship between stress UI and obesity or previous Caesarean delivery. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of UI among young adult and middle-aged women hospital workers who had easy access to medical resources. Gynaecological and obstetric events (pregnancy, particularly previous vaginal delivery and hysterectomy) were the most prominent risk factors, especially for stress UI.

Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in climacteric

“…2 Estimates of prevalence of UI vary considerably, ranging from 12 to 51%, depending on the concept of UI, research methodologies, inclusion criteria, such as age and ethnicity, and type of incontinence studied. [3][4][5][6][7] In Brazil, data on prevalence of UI in middle aged women usually relate to stress UI (SUI), reaching 8 to 48%. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Moreover, there is a disturbing economic impact on the health system, seen, for example, in the costs in Brazil in 2014; the total spent on women between 30 and 59 years totaled more than BRL 2 billion, and of these, BRL 183 million were directed to genitourinary diseases.…”

Caracterización clínica de la incontinencia urinaria y factores asociados en usuarias de la Unidad de la Mujer del Centro de Salud Familiar “Ultraestación” en la ciudad de Chillán, Chile

“…No existen estudios en Chile que demuestren la importancia de esta alteración en las usuarias de establecimientos de atención primaria. Igualmente, hay abundante evidencia internacional sobre factores de riesgo que se asocian al desarrollo o presencia de IU 3,5,15,16,17 , entre los que se encuentran la edad avanzada 3,5,6,16 , el aumento del índice de masa corporal 18,19,20,21 , la diabetes mellitus 22 , los embarazos y partos 23,24,25,26 , la historia de histerectomía 26,28,29,30 , y el inicio de la menopausia 26,27 . El presente estudio busca caracterizar la IU y los factores asociados a ésta en las mujeres que consultan en una unidad de la mujer en atención primaria, para determinar su peso relativo y así poder destinar recursos para su prevención y tratamiento.…”

Auditing Firms in the Moroccan Market: A Study Based on Confidence, Data From 2012 to 2017.

“…Urinary incontinence(UI) is a multifactorial syndrome produced by a combination of genitourinary pathology, age related changes, that impair normal micturition(is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body) or the functional ability to toilet oneself,orboth.Until 1998,Urinary incontinence was simply a symptom and in 1998 it was considered a disease by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD/WHO).Urinary incontinence was defined by the International Continence Society,as "complaint of any involuntary urine leaking" 1 . It may be evaluated as a symptom,a signal or a condition.A symptom is the subjective indicator of a disease,a signal is what can be observed by the doctor and a condition is defined by the presence of urodynamic observation(a study through examinations) associated with characteristic symptoms of urinary incontinence and signals and/or by the non-urodynamic evidence of relevant pathologic process.The prevalence of incontinence in canada is about the same as in the united states-about 10% of the population.That means approximately 3.5 million canadians experience some form of incontinence.Oxidative stress influence the risk factors of urinary incontinence.Oxidative stress is defined in general as excess formation and in sufficient removal of highly reactive molecules such as reactive oxygen species(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species(RNS Influence of risk factors on urinary incontinence:-Different risk factors are associated with urinary incontinence.These risk factors influence to all ages of men and women.These risk factors are described below 8 .…”