Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus among adults in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Asamoah-Boaheng, Michael; Sarfo‐Kantanka, Osei; Tuffour, Anthony Boaheng; Eghan, Benjamin; Mbanya, Jean Claude

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihy067

Cited by 98 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, different pieces of evidence including our study supported that the risk of occurrence of DM was significantly higher among older age groups compared to younger age groups. 17,33,[37][38][39][40] Conversely, the increased prevalence of DM in Pakistan study might be due to the use of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and HbA1c for diagnoses DM in addition to FBG and RBG which used in our study. This might be amplified the detection rate of diabetes mellitus in the case of Pakistan's study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

<p>The Hidden Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Community of Southwest Ethiopia</p>

Yunka¹,

Mogas²,

Zawdie³

et al. 2020

DMSO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Early detection of the unrecognized diabetes mellitus (DM) and its risk factors in the community is crucial to minimizing the burden of DM and associated complications. Hence, this study aimed to assess unrecognized DM and its relationship with behavioral characteristics, physical characteristics, and lipid profile among adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 915 adults in Jimma Town from June 17 to July 27, 2019. Physical measurements, lipid profile, and blood sugar levels were measured. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to assess predictors of unrecognized DM where adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association at P-value ≤05. Results: The prevalence of unrecognized DM and impaired glucose metabolism (prediabetes) were 3.1% (95% CI; 2.0-4.4) and 14.8% (95% CI; 12.5-17.2), respectively. The risk of unrecognized DM was higher among male participants (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.29), age group of 35 years and above (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.16, 10.27), and high waist circumference (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.72, 10.33). On the other hand, participants who perform sufficient physical activity (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.58) had low risk of undetected DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of unrecognized diabetes mellitus was relatively high. Male sex, advanced age, physical inactivity, and high waist circumference were found to be predictors of unrecognized DM. Thus, awareness needs to be created among the community to practice regular physical activity and maintaining normal body weight. Additionally, screening of DM should be promoted for early detection, prevention, and treatment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

<p>The Hidden Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Community of Southwest Ethiopia</p>

Yunka¹,

Mogas²,

Zawdie³

et al. 2020

DMSO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A total of 188 patients with T2DM (91.3%) were part of this study from the Pantang Hospital between May and July 2017, out of the 206 eligible participants using a simple random sampling method. The minimum sample size of 105 was obtained using the formula by Cochran (1963) and the estimated prevalence of diabetes in Ghana at 6.46% [6]:…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A greater burden of 75% of persons with diabetes is in developing countries [5]. The prevalence of T2DM in Ghana is reported to be 6.46%, and this is expected to rise by 2040 [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other sub-Saharan African countries, the psychosocial dimensions of the illness experience have been largely unexplored in Ghana [28,29]. Previous studies on diabetes in Ghana have focused primarily on the prevalence and determinants [6,[30][31][32][33][34]. The primary objective of the study therefore was to estimate diabetes-specific distress and assess its impact on optimising treatment and adherence to medication in patients with T2DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Association between Diabetes-Related Distress and Medication Adherence in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Kretchy

Koduah

Ohene-Agyei

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem associated with distress. T2DM can affect health outcomes and adherence to medications. Little is however known about the association between diabetes distress and medication adherence among patients with T2DM in Ghana. Objective. The objective of the present study is twofold: to estimate distress associated with T2DM and to examine its association with medication adherence. Methods. A hospital-based crosssectional study was conducted among 188 patients with T2DM recruited from a diabetes specialist outpatient clinic at the Pantang Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Data were obtained using the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) scale and the Medication Adherence Report Scale. Results. The findings showed that about 44.7% of the patients showed high levels of diabetes-related distress. Poor adherence to medications was recorded in 66.5% of the patients. Patients who were highly distressed had 68% lower odds of adhering to their medications compared to those who were not (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.65). A principal component analysis revealed four areas of T2DM distress which were conceptualized as negative emotions about diabetes, dietary concerns and diabetes care, dissatisfaction with external support, and diabetes management helplessness. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that diabetes distress is a significant determinant of medication adherence behaviour in patients with T2DM. Thus, incorporating routine screening for distress into the standard diabetes care within the Ghanaian health system and having health practitioners adopt holistic approaches to diabetes management will be important context-specific interventions to improve adherence and health outcomes of people living and coping with T2DM.

show abstract

“…Although several primary Africa-speci c epidemiological studies have been conducted investigating associations between modi able risk factors and T2DM [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], to date no reviews, to our knowledge, have summarised these studies using a systematic and meta-analytic methodology. This is despite the existence of several Africa-speci c T2DM systematic and narrative reviews [36][37][38][39][40], including limited meta-analyses [40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. These reviews, however, focused primarily on the epidemiology of T2DM burden (e.g.…”

Section: Background Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Issaka¹,

Paradies²,

Cameron³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant public health concern in many African countries. While the determinants underpinning T2DM are likely to be Africa-specific, knowledge of these risk factors is largely derived from developed countries. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to include biological, behavioural and psychosocial risk factors for T2DM in Africa. Methods Relevant scientific databases were searched, and data were extracted from 66 studies. Fifty- nine studies reported unadjusted data and were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2.0. The Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% CIs for the associations between BMI indices (overweight, obesity), central obesity (waist circumference, waist to hip ratio), behavioural (alcohol, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking), physical inactivity, and psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, and depression) and T2DM were calculated using a random-effect model. Moderator effects of age, language-spoken, sub-regions and urban/rural location was assessed. Results A number of risk factors were associated with T2DM including, BMI-based definitions of obesity [OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 92.73, 3.80)], overweight [OR = 2.22, 95% CI: (1.90, 2.58)], or overweight/obesity [OR = 2.58, 95% CI: (1.76, 3.78)]; Central obesity as measured by waist circumference [OR = 2.51, 95% CI: (1.86, 3.37)], or waist to hip ratio [OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.72]; psychosocial factors which includes stress [OR = 2.2, 95% CI: (1.46, 3.31)], depression [OR = 2.42, 95% CI: (1.14, 3.31)] and anxiety [OR = 2.05, 95% (CI:1.0, 4.18)] and physical inactivity [OR = 1.88, 95% CI: (1.53, 2.23)]. Current smoker [OR = 1.13, 95% CI: (0.84, 1.49)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.10, 95% CI: (0.82, 1.47)] and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption [OR = 0.81, 95% CI: (0.57, 1.16)] were not associated with T2DM. Locality (urban/rural), language spoken, and sub-region (East/West Africa) did not significantly moderate the associations between the risk factors and T2DM. Conclusion Obesity (defined by BMI) is most strongly associated with T2DM. Overweight, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio, physical inactivity, psychosocial risk factors defined as stress, depression, anxiety were all significantly associated with T2DM. These findings add novel meta-analyses of associations between diverse individual risk factors and T2DM within the African context.

show abstract

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus among adults in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

<p>The Hidden Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Community of Southwest Ethiopia</p>

<p>The Hidden Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Community of Southwest Ethiopia</p>

The Association between Diabetes-Related Distress and Medication Adherence in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About