<p>The Hidden Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Community of Southwest Ethiopia</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Early detection of the unrecognized diabetes mellitus (DM) and its risk factors in the community is crucial to minimizing the burden of DM and associated complications. Hence, this study aimed to assess unrecognized DM and its relationship with behavioral characteristics, physical characteristics, and lipid profile among adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 915 adults in Jimma Town from June 17 to July 27, 2019. Physical measurements, lipid profile, and blood sugar levels were measured. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to assess predictors of unrecognized DM where adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association at P-value ≤05. Results: The prevalence of unrecognized DM and impaired glucose metabolism (prediabetes) were 3.1% (95% CI; 2.0-4.4) and 14.8% (95% CI; 12.5-17.2), respectively. The risk of unrecognized DM was higher among male participants (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.29), age group of 35 years and above (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.16, 10.27), and high waist circumference (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.72, 10.33). On the other hand, participants who perform sufficient physical activity (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.58) had low risk of undetected DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of unrecognized diabetes mellitus was relatively high. Male sex, advanced age, physical inactivity, and high waist circumference were found to be predictors of unrecognized DM. Thus, awareness needs to be created among the community to practice regular physical activity and maintaining normal body weight. Additionally, screening of DM should be promoted for early detection, prevention, and treatment.

Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adult residents of Mizan Aman town, Southwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study

“…Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was more common in participants with low physical activity (< 600 MET-min per week). This was consistent with findings from Qatar, Jimma, South Africa, Kenya and a study in Ethiopia on risk factors for non-communicable diseases [ 25 , 40 , 46 – 48 ]. The impact of physical activity on reducing the risk of developing undiagnosed diabetes is clear because, during physical activity, glucose uptake into active muscles increases by increasing insulin sensitivity and allowing muscle cells to use glucose efficiently.…”

“…Apart from that, some of the studies lack information on some variables like physical activity and it is recommended to do more studies on such variables. Similarly, some of the studies also used small sample size, compromising the generalizability of the study results [ 25 ]. In addition, the evidence on undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors was limited in the study area, and some of the studies conducted on diabetes mellitus were also outdated.…”

Assessment of Electrolyte Imbalance and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

“…Overall, urbanization could have exacerbated DM causing an electrolyte imbalance. 49 Electrolyte imbalance was 3.34 times more common in alcoholics than non-alcoholics [AOR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.02-10.93, P = 0.046] this finding was agreed with studies done in Ethiopia and Southern India. 2,50 Alcohol exposure can cause a variety of electrolyte imbalances such as hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia multiple factors were identified as the causes of this, including inadequate nutrition, increased excretion through increased urine osmolality, internal redistribution, and decreased tubular cell reabsorptive ability.…”

Burden of Undiagnosed Hypertension among Adults in Urban Communities of Southwest Ethiopia

“…BMI<18.5 kg/m 2 was considered as underweight, 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 was normal, 25-29.9 kg/ m 2 was overweight, and BMI≥30 kg/m 2 was obese. 21 Waist circumferences (WC) were measured at the midway between the lowest costal margin at the midclavicular line and the anterior superior iliac spine using fixed tension tape. WC values >80 cm for women and >94 cm for men were considered high according to the WHO recommendation.…”