Prevalence and risk factors for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Northern Tanzania

Olotu, Frank; Mahande, Michael Johnson; Renju, Jenny; Obure, Joseph

doi:10.5897/jphe2019.1143

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A total sample size of 400 participants was achieved using the formula for quantitative studies [ 26 ], assuming 51% proportion of severe pre-eclampsia from a previous study in Ethopia at a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence interval [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…twin pregnancy), previous pre-eclampsia, renal disease, autoimmune disease and multiple pregnancies [ 7 ]. Furthermore, risk factors for pre-eclampsia have been widely reported in sub-Saharan Africa, example is a retrospective study conducted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center on prevalence and risk factors of pre-eclapsia and eclampsia, the factors including maternal age (≥35) years, ≥12 years of schooling, unmarried, overweight, obesity, hypertension and anaemia [ 8 ]. Moreover, obesity was reported as a risk factor for severe pre-eclampsia among sub-Sahan Africa women immigrated to Europe [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study

Machano

Joho

2020

BMC Public Health

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Background Severe pre-eclampsia is more dominant in low and middle-income countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, severe pre-eclampsia remains a major public health problem contributing to high rates of maternal mortality. Few studies have investigated the relationship between severe pre-eclampsia and associated factors in East Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar. Methods A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study design was used. Purposive sampling was utilized for the selection of hospitals. Proportionate sampling was used for selection of representatives from each hospital and participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Postpartum mothers were included in the study. The study was conducted by an interviewer who administered a questionnaire with close ended questions and chart review for data gathering. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis and descriptive and multiple logistic regression was performed for control of confounders. Results This study included a total of 400 participants with a 100% response rate. Participants ranged from 17 to 45 years of age with mean age (SD) of 28.78 (±6.296). The prevalence of severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women was 26.3% ( n = 105). After adjusting for the possible confounders, factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia were; maternal age group of 15–20 years (AOR 3.839; 95% C. I 1.037–14.210), pregnancy from new partner/husband (AOR 7.561; 95% C. I 3.883–14.724), family history of high blood pressure (AOR 6.446; C. I 3.217–12.917), diabetes prior to conception (AOR 55.827; 95% C. I 5.061–615.868), having high blood pressure in a previous pregnancy (AOR 19.382; 95% C. I 4.617–81.364), paternal age above 45 (AOR 2.401; 95% C. I 1.044–5.519) and multifetal gestation (AOR 7.62; 95% CI 2.01–28.84). Conclusion The prevalence of severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar is high. Common risk factors in this setting include maternal age of 15–20 years, pregnancy with a new partner, family history of high blood pressure, pre-existing diabetes prior to conception, a history of high blood pressure in previous pregnancy paternal age greater than 45 and multifetal gestation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study

Machano

Joho

2020

BMC Public Health

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“…The prevalence of pre-eclampsia in developing countries ranges from 1.8 to 16.7%. [ 3 – 6 , 3 ] In Tanzania, the prevalence of pre-eclampsia is 4.2% [ 7 ] and in Zanzibar, the prevalence among prenatal women is 9% [ 8 ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and skills of pre-eclampsia management among healthcare providers working in antenatal clinics in Zanzibar

Seif

Rashid

2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection and treatment of preeclampsia is lifesaving; however, evidence suggests that the majority of women in low and middle income-countries are not routinely screened for high blood pressure during antenatal care, that those with severe and mild pre-eclampsia are not monitored for blood pressure and proteinuria as needed, and the magnesium sulphate is not administered as needed. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess knowledge and skills in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia management and their associated factors among healthcare providers working in antenatal clinics in Zanzibar. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in all levels of healthcare facilities in Zanzibar. The study involved 176 healthcare providers (nurses and doctors) who were randomly selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis whereby logistic regression models were employed. The Chi-square coefficient, odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals were reported, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of healthcare providers was 35.94 (SD ± 7.83) years. The proportion of healthcare providers with adequate knowledge was 49.0%, and 47% had adequate skills. Knowledge level was predicted by working in higher healthcare facility levels (AOR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.29–8.29), and having attended on-the-job training on pre-eclampsia (AOR: 7.8, 95% CI: 2.74 − 22.75). Skills were predicted by having attended on-job training (AOR: 8.6, 95% CI: 2.45 − 30.16), having working experience of five years or above in antenatal care units (AOR: 27.89, 95% CI: 5.28 − 148.89) and being a medical doctor or assistant medical doctor (AOR: 18.9, 95% CI: 2.1–166). Conclusion Approximately half of Zanzibar’s ANC healthcare workers demonstrated inadequate knowledge and skills in preeclampsia care, indicating a critical need for targeted interventions to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Knowledge is predicted by attending on-the-job training and working in higher healthcare facility level, while skills is predicted by attending on job training, more years of working experience in antenatal care units and being a medical doctor or assistant medical doctor The study recommends the healthcare facility institutions to provide on-the-job training to for the healthcare providers working in lower healthcare facility levels.

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“…In East African countries, the prevalence of pre-eclampsia ranges from 6.1% in Kenya [6] to 12.2% in Ethiopia [7]. In Tanzania the prevalence of severe pre-eclampsia was found to be 4.2% [8], while in Zanzibar, the prevalence of pre-eclampsia was reported to be 9% in the year 2011 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditing the readiness of healthcare facilities for referral and management of pre-eclampsia cases in Zanzibar- a study protocol

Rashid

Seif

2023

PLoS ONE

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Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are reported as the second leading root of maternal morbidity and mortality in Zanzibar. Evidence shows that the majority of pregnant women in Zanzibar are referred late from lower-level healthcare facilities, and majority develop complications of eclampsia. This study’s goal is to determine if all public healthcare facilities in Zanzibar are prepared to manage pre-eclampsia cases and if lower-levels public healthcare facilities are ready to refer pre-eclampsia cases. This will be a descriptive cross-sectional study that will involve a total of 54 healthcare facilities and 176 health care providers working in antenatal clinics. All public health care facilities will be stratified into tertiary, secondary, and primary strata. A simple random sampling will be used to select 46 healthcare facilities in the primary stratum while all healthcare facilities within the tertiary and secondary strata will be selected. In each healthcare facility, a physical observation will be performed to assess the availability of equipment and supplies, medications, and lab tests, while a self-administered questionnaire will be used to assess the knowledge level and skills of healthcare providers for the management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Patient’s case files in the tertiary and secondary strata will be reviewed to assess the quality of management of pre-eclampsia while the service records of the primary stratum will be assessed for compliance status with referral guidelines. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the frequency distribution of the study variables, and results will be presented in terms of frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test will be used to describe the relationship between variables, and a p-value of < 0.05 will be regarded as a statistically significant difference.

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Prevalence and risk factors for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Northern Tanzania

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study

Knowledge and skills of pre-eclampsia management among healthcare providers working in antenatal clinics in Zanzibar

Auditing the readiness of healthcare facilities for referral and management of pre-eclampsia cases in Zanzibar- a study protocol

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