Prevalence and Patterns of Condom Use Among Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic

Feminization of the HIV Epidemic in the United States: Major Research Findings and Future Research Needs

“…Moreover, this study highlighted women's sexual vulnerability to HIV. This and other social and behavioral research on HIV prevention for women was useful in characterizing women's sexual risk, particularly in identifying important HIV-related individual-level factors, such as having a limited education, 10 having a lower income, 11 harboring personal attitudes and beliefs that were not supportive of safer sex, 12,13 having a low perceived risk of HIV infection, 14 consuming alcohol, [15][16][17] and abusing drugs such as crack cocaine. 18 However, the models that guided the initial HIV prevention research among women had an individualistic conceptualization and assumed that women had greater control of safer sex practices.…”

Partner-specific sexual practices among heterosexual men and women with multiple partners: Results from the French national survey, ACSF

“…Exposure to infected partners depends on the type of partner (Aral, 1991), and nonregular partners are considered as more likely to be infected (De Vroome et al, 1990;Evans et aL, 1991;Reinisch et al, 1988;Upchurch et al, 1992). Our analysis shows that, though uncommon, protected vaginal penetration was more frequent with a casual partner than with the main one.…”

“…Many studies have found that safer sex was more likely to occur with casual than with regular partners (Evans et al, 1991;Levy et al, 1988;Lindan et al, 1990;Plitcha et al, 1992;Upchurch et al, 1992;Van Den Hoek et al, 1992), whereas few studies found no (Sundet et al, 1989) or reverse (Catania et al, 1989) correlations. Most of these studies were based on specific populations (intravenous drug users, students, clients of family planning clinics, STD clinic attenders, etc.)…”

“…Most of these studies were based on specific populations (intravenous drug users, students, clients of family planning clinics, STD clinic attenders, etc.) (Evans et al, 1991;Lindan et al, 1990;Plitcha et al, 1992;Upchurch et al, 1992;Van Den Hoek et al, 1992) and/or focused on a limited segment of the population (Adolescents/young adults, one gender only, one city or one geographical region, etc.) (Evans et al, 1991;Levy et al, 1988;Lindan et al, 1990;Plitcha et al, 1992).…”

“…Sexual behavior may vary according to partner type, since the distinctions between partners determines what the appropriate sexual techniques might be in the different relationships (Gagnon and Simon, 1987). In particular, condom use is affected by the characteristics of the relationship (Ducot et al, 1993;Plitcha et al, 1992;Upchurch et al, 1992), and is likely to be more common with casual partners (Upchurch et al, 1992). However, little is known about which practices depend on type of partner and which do not, and this issue has never been addressed on a nationwide basis.…”