Prevalence and Occlusal Risk Factors for Fractured Incisors among 11–12-Year-Old Children in the Trinidad and Tobago Population

Hoyte, Trudee; Kowlessar, Anne; Ali, Anil; Bearn, David

doi:10.3390/dj8010025

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…These results confirm that TDI increases proportionately with an increase in overjet and insufficient lip coverage. 6 , 16 - 18 Enamel fracture of permanent upper anterior teeth was the most common TDI, which is consistent with previously published literature. 6 , 7 , 13 This would be expected due to the forward position of the upper anterior teeth in the jaw, which usually sustains the primary impact of dental trauma occurring for whatever reason, either in normal or in special needs children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“… 15 Previously, authors have pointed out many risk factors associated with TDI like increased incisal overjet, lack of lip coverage, younger age, male gender, physical activity, and adverse socio economic characteristics. 6 , 7 , 16 - 18 Along with these risk factors, a few studies have shown a positive association between TDI and obesity among normal children. 19 - 22 Obesity is a known risk factor for injuries related to pelvic, limb, and rib fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic dental injuries in special health care needs children and association with obesity

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: Special needs children are at a higher risk of dental trauma because of neurological, physical, mental, and behavioral impairments. They are also at higher risk of developing obesity due to the side effects of medication. OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and obesity in children with special health care needs. DESIGN: Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING: Schools for special needs children. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Special needs children with a diagnosis of TDI according to the Andreasen criteria were included in the study. Data on the disability status were obtained from a national demographic survey in 2016. Demographic and dental variables were measured for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse any relationship between TDI prevalence and obesity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relationship of body mass index (BMI) to TDI prevalence. SAMPLE SIZE: 350 (131 boys and 219 girls) special needs children with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.0 (2.0) years. RESULTS: Eighty-one (23.1%) children presented with TDIs. The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the entire study population was 24.7 (7.8). Children with obesity had a 30.3% TDI prevalence compared normal-weight children (20.6%) ( P =.035), but BMI category was not statistically significant in the regression analysis ( P =.541), which showed that children with an overjet of >3 mm were 4.82 times (CI: 2.55–9.09, P =.001) more likely to have TDI than children with an overjet of ≤3 mm. Those with inadequate lip coverage were 2.85 times (CI: 1.49–5.44, P =.002) more likely to have TDI. Children with cerebral palsy were 3.18 times (CI: 1.89–11.32, P =.024) more likely to have TDI than children with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study showed a significant association between TDI prevalence and increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and cerebral palsy. The prevalence of TDI among obese special needs children was statistically significant according to bivariate analysis, but not in a multivariate analysis that adjusted for other variables. LIMITATIONS: Causal relationship cannot be established with cross-sectional study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic dental injuries in special health care needs children and association with obesity

et al. 2021

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“…23 These factors have increased the demand for orthodontic treatment in Trinidad and Tobago, where a bimaxillary protrusion is the most prevalent malocclusion. 24,25 The IOTN-AC assesses the visible part of the malocclusion. 26 It is important to assess patients using an aesthetic measure to evaluate the effect of a malocclusion on self-esteem and self-perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of the IOTN-AC index in a bimaxillary protrusion population

Hoyte

Ali

Bearn

2023

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

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Objective The objective of this study was to assess the validity of the IOTN-AC in the assessment of aesthetic impairment in bimaxillary protrusion patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 110 patients comprising 52 males (47.3%) and 58 females (52.7%) who were accepted for fixed appliance treatment at The University of the West Indies Dental Hospital and provided consent for the use of their records. The mean age was 13.45 years. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment and score their self-perceived IOTN-AC. An orthodontist also scored the malocclusion using the IOTN (AC and DHC). Results Spearman’s correlation between patient IOTN-AC and orthodontist IOTN-AC was r = 0.435, (p < 0.001). However, the patient IOTN-AC and the ‘normative’ need (p = 0.198), as well as the orthodontist IOTN-AC and the ‘normative’ need (p = 0.334), were not correlated (r = 0.124 and r = 0.094, respectively). Both patient and the orthodontist IOTN-AC scores were not in agreement with ‘normative’ need (IOTN-DHC). Cohen’s kappa test determined an agreement between the patient’s IOTN- AC and an orthodontist’s IOTN AC score, k = 0.395, p < 0.001. The questionnaire revealed aesthetics as the primary reason for seeking treatment but there was poor correlation between the questionnaire items and the patient or orthodontist IOTN-AC score, an AC score of 3 being the most common score for both. Conclusion The IOTN-AC is not a valid tool to determine patient perception of the need for treatment in a bimaxillary protrusion population when scored by either patients or orthodontists.

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“…It plays a major role in the planning of treatment methods and here the incompetency of lips is deliberated as the pathology. If this situation is not treated for a very long time then it may lead to serious issues like open bite formation, and some inflammatory issues around the incisors [11][12][13] . By considering all the available data on the competency of lips, several studies described multiple factors involved in the incompetency of lips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Mean Upper Lip Length in Individuals with Competent Lips, Lips Apart and Incompetent Lips

Rasheed¹,

Sajjad²,

Devi³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Background: The human lips are the essential structure for speech, facial expression and oral functions like eating, drinking and breathing. The orthodontic treatment is very crucial for the advancement of the facial expression Lip incompetence is a condition in which the lips fail to close adequately leading to negative effects on speech, facial esthetics and oral functions. Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted at WATIM Dental College Rawat, Rawalpindi and Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi for the duration of six months from Jan 2022 to June 2022. Material and Methods: The patients were divided into three groups. The patients that did not follow the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Group I had patients with competent lips, group II had patients with their lips apart and group III had incompetent lips. There were 45 patients in each group. Results: The length of group I members was 19.8 mm for men and 18.7 mm for women, which was less than group III individuals with 20 mm and 18.9 mm average upper lip length for males and females. Group II patients had a length of 17.5mm for male patients and 16.4 mm for female patients. The P-value was calculated and the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: The length of group I members was 19.8 mm for men and 18.7 mm for women, which was less than group III individuals with 20 mm and 18.9 mm average upper lip length for males and females. Group II patients had a length of 17.5mm for male patients and 16.4 mm for female patients. Keywords: Lip incompetence and competent lips.

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Prevalence and Occlusal Risk Factors for Fractured Incisors among 11–12-Year-Old Children in the Trinidad and Tobago Population

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Traumatic dental injuries in special health care needs children and association with obesity

Traumatic dental injuries in special health care needs children and association with obesity

Applicability of the IOTN-AC index in a bimaxillary protrusion population

Comparison of Mean Upper Lip Length in Individuals with Competent Lips, Lips Apart and Incompetent Lips

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