Objective: To examine the perceptions of body size among adolescents in Trinidad and to determine whether there were ethnic differences. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Secondary schools in Trinidad. Subjects: A stratified random sample of 1139 adolescents, aged 14 -17 y. Measurements: Silhouettes of different body sizes were used to determine perceptions of body size, while weights and heights were measured to determine actual body size. Results: A total of 1090 students (96% response rate) participated, comprising 578 (53%) females. The main ethnic groups were South Asian (49%), African (25%) and persons of mixed ethnicity (23%). The calculated body mass index (BMI) indicated that 14% were thin, 73% normal and 13% overweight; however there was a preponderance of thinness among South Asian males (28%). Whereas 68% of students correctly identified their body size, South Asian males were also more likely to overestimate their body size than the other adolescents, ie they were thinner than they thought. Overall, 64% of the sample was satisfied with their current size, but thin South Asians were more likely to be satisfied with their size than other thin adolescents (P ¼ 0.04), while overweight Africans were more likely to be satisfied than other overweight persons (P ¼ 0.03). The majority of the sample associated the normal body size with good health, but the majority also associated the overweight and obese silhouettes with wealth. In addition, 40% of them associated the male overweight and obese silhouettes with happiness. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of overweight=obesity was not high, the perception of the Trinidadian adolescent that obesity was associated with wealth, and to a lesser extent happiness, and the satisfaction of the overweight African females with their size, were all causes for concern.
This cross-sectional survey was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of fractured incisors in 11–12-year-olds. In addition we explored the relationship with overjet, incompetent lips, incisor inclination and to determine if there was any association with ethnicity and gender. All permanent incisors were examined in 672 children comprising 356 females (53.1%) and 315 males (46.9%). The sample comprised 11–12-year-olds in high schools across Trinidad and Tobago. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression. The prevalence of fractured incisors was 18.9%. Boys presented with an increased incidence of fractured incisors than girls. 86.3% of dental trauma was untreated. The average overjet of subjects with fractured incisors was 4.2 mm. 18.62% of subjects with fractured incisors had incompetent lips. The most common malocclusion (18.81%) with fractured incisors was class 2 division 1. The Afro-Trinidadian ethnicity had the highest prevalence of fractured incisors (11.0%) when compared to mixed ethnicities, which was statistically significant. Maxillary central incisors were the most commonly injured teeth. Most patients delayed in seeking dental treatment for fractured incisors in our population. Early orthodontic treatment is recommended to help reduce the risk of dental trauma.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the delivery of the curriculum of dental schools. The psychological impact and coping strategies of dental students in Trinidad and Tobago are a matter of concern. In this study, dental students were asked to evaluate their mental health and coping strategies regarding COVID-19. Methods: A survey was conducted using an online platform. Demographic data was collected and the psychological impact was assessed. Participants were also questioned on their coping strategies. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and a logistic regression were performed. Results: A total of 108 out of 137 students participated. Their mean age was 22.96 years. High levels of stress (59.26%), anxiety (64.81%) and depression (76.85%) were observed among dental students. Nationality and gender played a significant role in the students' mental health scores. Female students were more likely to experience stress, anxiety and depression than males (exp[β] = −0.38, −0.21, and −2.31). There were various coping mechanisms deployed by dental students. Conclusion: The elevated levels of stress, anxiety and depression in these dental students emphasize the need for psychological intervention.
The aim of this study is to establish for the first time cephalometric norms for bimaxillary protrusion in Trinidad and Tobago population and to compare findings to previously published norms for other bimaxillary protrusion groups.Materials and Methods: 109 standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken by one investigator of bimaxillary protrusion patients prior to receiving orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 52 boys and 57 girls aged 10-17 years. The cephalograms were traced using 48 hard and soft tissue and 25 linear and angular cephalometric measurements. Independent sample t-test was used to assess inter-gender differences, norms were calculated. ANOVA was used to assess inter-ethnic differences. The results were then compared to the norms for other bimaxillary protrusion populations.
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