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BACKGROUND: Special needs children are at a higher risk of dental trauma because of neurological, physical, mental, and behavioral impairments. They are also at higher risk of developing obesity due to the side effects of medication. OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and obesity in children with special health care needs. DESIGN: Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING: Schools for special needs children. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Special needs children with a diagnosis of TDI according to the Andreasen criteria were included in the study. Data on the disability status were obtained from a national demographic survey in 2016. Demographic and dental variables were measured for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse any relationship between TDI prevalence and obesity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relationship of body mass index (BMI) to TDI prevalence. SAMPLE SIZE: 350 (131 boys and 219 girls) special needs children with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.0 (2.0) years. RESULTS: Eighty-one (23.1%) children presented with TDIs. The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the entire study population was 24.7 (7.8). Children with obesity had a 30.3% TDI prevalence compared normal-weight children (20.6%) ( P =.035), but BMI category was not statistically significant in the regression analysis ( P =.541), which showed that children with an overjet of >3 mm were 4.82 times (CI: 2.55–9.09, P =.001) more likely to have TDI than children with an overjet of ≤3 mm. Those with inadequate lip coverage were 2.85 times (CI: 1.49–5.44, P =.002) more likely to have TDI. Children with cerebral palsy were 3.18 times (CI: 1.89–11.32, P =.024) more likely to have TDI than children with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study showed a significant association between TDI prevalence and increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and cerebral palsy. The prevalence of TDI among obese special needs children was statistically significant according to bivariate analysis, but not in a multivariate analysis that adjusted for other variables. LIMITATIONS: Causal relationship cannot be established with cross-sectional study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Adolescents with obesity and overweight were a greater chance of TDI in a 3-year follow-up.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in hospitals and local clinics is the leading cause of AMR. Under this scenario, the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from 2 August 2021 to 31 October 2021 to discover the prevalence of bacterial infections and AMR rates in COVID-19 patients admitted in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). Clinical samples were collected from the patients and we proceeded to identify bacterial isolates, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data of other comorbidities were also collected from the patient’s medical record. The current study showed that the most common pathogens were E. coli (32%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%). Most E. coli were resistant to ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and ampicillin (19.8%). Klebsiella pneumoniae were more resistant to ampicillin (13.3%) and amoxycillin (12.0%). The most common comorbidity was chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Around 17 different types of antibiotic, the carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside, and quinolones, were highly prevalent in ICU patients. The current study provides valuable data on the clinical implication of antibiotics consumed by COVID-19 patients in SICUs and the AMR rates, especially with different comorbidities.

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