Prevalence and distribution of illicit drug use in the workforce and in the workplace: Findings and implications from a U.S. National survey.

Frone, Michael R.

doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.856

Cited by 97 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, in contrast to off-the-job alcohol use, supervisor enforcement is expected to be negatively related to off-thejob illicit drug use even though it is just as unlikely as offthe-job alcohol use to have a major impact on absenteeism, job performance, and work injuries (Frone, 2004(Frone, , 2006b(Frone, , 2011Normand et al, 1994). Off-the-job illicit drug use may be more responsive to supervisor enforcement because it is a greater direct concern to many employers than is offthe-job alcohol use for a variety of reasons.…”

Section: Supervisor Social Control and Employee Illicit Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sampling weights adjust for unequal probabilities of selection and differential nonresponse, and were poststratifi ed based on gender, race, age, and region of the country to average population totals obtained from the Current Population Survey. For more detail on the sampling weights, see Frone (2006b) and Schat et al (2006).…”

Section: Sampling Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 2,829 study participants, the present analyses were restricted to the 2,429 wage and salary workers (i.e., owner/operators were not included) who had complete data on all variables used in this study. For more detail on the study design, see Frone (2006aFrone ( , 2006b.…”

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation of Supervisor Social Control to Employee Substance Use: Considering the Dimensionality of Social Control, Temporal Context of Substance Use, and Substance Legality

Frone

Trinidad

2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Research on supervisor social control provided little evidence for a relation to employee alcohol use, and only one study explored illicit drug use. Based on past research, several hypotheses were developed that the relation between supervisor social control and substance use depends on (a) the dimension social control (contact vs. enforcement), (b) the temporal context of substance use (on the job vs. off the job), and (c) substance legality (alcohol vs. illicit drugs). Method: Data came from a national probability sample of U.S. workers. Supervisor social control represented both supervisor contact and supervisor enforcement. Measures of alcohol and illicit drug use each assessed several dimensions of off-the-job use (overall use, overall impairment, and use after work) and on-the-job use (use before work, use during the workday, and impairment during the workday). Results: As hypothesized, the results did not support a relation of supervisor contact to off-the-job or on-the-job alcohol use and illicit drug use. Supervisor enforcement was unrelated to off-the-job alcohol use but was negatively related to on-the-job alcohol use. Supervisor enforcement was negatively related to both off-the-job and on-the-job illicit drug use. Conclusions: These fi ndings help clarify the generally unsupportive fi ndings from past research for a relation between supervisor social control and employee alcohol use, as well as extend this line of research to include illicit drug use. The results suggest that to fully understand the relation of supervisor social control to employee substance use, one must consider the dimension of supervisor social control, temporal context of substance use, and substance legality. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 303-310, 2012)

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Section: Supervisor Social Control and Employee Illicit Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation of Supervisor Social Control to Employee Substance Use: Considering the Dimensionality of Social Control, Temporal Context of Substance Use, and Substance Legality

Frone

Trinidad

2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…A caracterização destes consumidores costuma realçar a sua capacidade de conciliar o uso das drogas com um estilo de vida convencional e de manter o ajustamento global, sendo frequentemente descritos como estudantes universitários ou como sujeitos inseridos no mercado de trabalho (Frone, 2006;Galhardo et al, 2006;Gourley, 2004;Parker et al, 2002;Smith & Smith, 2005). Vários trabalhos debruçam-se, ainda, sobre frequentadores de contextos de recreação nocturna, realçando a sua prevalência de consumo particularmente expressiva (Calafat et al, 2005;Deehan & Saville, 2003;OEDT, 2009;Parker et al, 2002).…”

Section: Padrões De Consumo Alternativos Aos 'Problemáticos'unclassified

O ‘problema da droga’: Sua construção, desconstrução e reconstrução

Cruz

Machado

Fernandes

2012

Análise Psicológica

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Representações negativas sobre a utilização de substâncias psicoactivas predominam desde há muito, em grande medida, pelo facto de esta prática continuar a ser analisada a partir de uma perspectiva problemática. Manifestações alternativas persistem, portanto, votadas a uma relativa ignorância, continuando a evitar-se o debate acerca das suas dimensões hedonísticas e dos padrões de consumo que são eficazmente conciliados com a vida convencional. Nos últimos anos tem-se assistido, todavia, a um aumento dos trabalhos académicos (sobretudo antropológicos e sociológicos) centrados em experiências que não se enquadram em padrões 'problemáticos' e que promovem um entendimento mais adequado sobre esta prática e os seus protagonistas. Tais trabalhos têm mostrado que, tal como foi construído como um problema, este fenómeno pode ser desconstruído e reconstruído em moldes alternativos, desafiando, assim, os discursos dominantes. É a este exercício de construção e desconstrução do 'problema da droga', assim como de reconstrução do fenómeno em moldes alternativos, que dedicamos o presente artigo. Palavras-chave:Consumos 'não problemáticos', Consumos 'problemáticos', Utilização de drogas ilícitas.A CONSTRUÇÃO DO 'PROBLEMA DA DROGA'Compreender o processo de construção social da droga como um problema (de delinquência ou de doença) implica recuar ao século XIX para rever a emergência, na América do Norte, dos primeiros modelos de entendimento e controlo do seu uso, o político-jurídico e o médico--psicológico, que a partir daí se estenderam à globalidade do mundo ocidental (Barbosa, 2006;Romaní, 2003). De facto, até à segunda metade do século XIX o uso de substâncias psicoactivas era tido apenas como uma das muitas práticas sociais/culturais, não sendo encarado como um problema nem como um alvo de preocupação ou mediatização sociais e não sendo controlado pelos governos (Escohotado, 1996(Escohotado, /2004Ribeiro, 1995;Romaní, 2008;Szasz, 1992).Apesar das suas particularidades, os referidos entendimentos evidenciam vários pontos de contacto, desde logo pelos seus intentos de erradicar as drogas/promover a abstinência e de operar como meios de controlo social (Barbosa, 2006;Romaní, 2003). Estes são, aliás, frequentemente criticados, por se considerar que resultam de uma construção social operada por grupos sociais poderosos, associados sobretudo à religião, à política e à indústria, em especial a que produz substitutos legais para as substâncias ilícitas (Becker, 1963(Becker, /1973Szasz, 1992; Thornton & Bowmaker, s/d). A ênfase, comum aos dois modelos, das limitações dos sujeitos, em detrimento de factores externos, para explicar o 'problema das drogas ' (Humphreys & Rappaport, 1993) tem 49A correspondência relativa a este artigo deverá ser enviada para:

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“…Estimates of almost 15% of employed adults have either used alcohol or illicit drugs while at work or while employed, which represents a significant problem impacting workforce productivity and safety [7] [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation in Mind-Body-Spirit Programs and Length of Stay in a Residential Addiction Treatment Facility: A Retrospective Analysis

Gundel¹,

Lanier²,

Osborne³

et al. 2017

OJMP

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Length of stay in treatment is thought to be the best predictors for long-term recovery from substance use disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in mind-body-spirit (MBS) therapeutic programs and length of stay in a residential treatment facility. A retrospective analysis of data from 1719 subjects who were admitted to a 30-day residential program for substance use disorders (SUD) was conducted. Subjects participated in MBS programs that included yoga, acupuncture and meditation. We examined the effects of subject participation in MBS programs for subjects who left against staff advice (ASA) and those who successfully completed the residential program. A higher percentage of subjects with severe heroin use disorder left ASA compared with subjects with severe alcohol use disorder (16% vs. 9%, respectively). Most subjects from both substance groups who failed to complete the 30-day treatment program, left within the first two weeks of stay (59% of alcohol group and 75% of heroin group); however, again, the percentage of heroin users leaving during the first two weeks was significantly greater compared with that of alcohol subjects. We found a highly significant, positive correlation (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and a statistically significant increase in LOS for all subjects, regardless of the substance type, and the number of MBS program sessions attended showing an association between MBS participation and increased LOS. These data support the inclusion of MBS programs as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for SUD in combination with traditional counseling to help develop a sustainable long-term recovery.

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Prevalence and distribution of illicit drug use in the workforce and in the workplace: Findings and implications from a U.S. National survey.

Cited by 97 publications

References 26 publications

Relation of Supervisor Social Control to Employee Substance Use: Considering the Dimensionality of Social Control, Temporal Context of Substance Use, and Substance Legality

Relation of Supervisor Social Control to Employee Substance Use: Considering the Dimensionality of Social Control, Temporal Context of Substance Use, and Substance Legality

O ‘problema da droga’: Sua construção, desconstrução e reconstrução

Participation in Mind-Body-Spirit Programs and Length of Stay in a Residential Addiction Treatment Facility: A Retrospective Analysis

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