Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in Thatta Pakistan: Findings from a cross-sectional study

Ali, Sumera Aziz; Abbasi, Zahid; Shahid, Babar; Moin, Ghazal; Hambidge, K. Michael; Krebs, Nancy F.; Westcott, Jamie E; McClure, Elizabeth M.; Goldenberg, Robert L.; Saleem, Sarah

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239320

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, the iron deficiency among women of reproductive age was high. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 47% among non-pregnant women of reproductive age and 58% among pregnant women; a similar study from Pakistan showed that 62% of women had a high prevalence of iron deficiency significantly associated with anemia [ 16 ]. This indicates that iron deficiency is common among women of reproductive age in Sudan as a whole and in all the states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various determinants of anemia have been recognized in the literature, including inadequate food intake, chronic disease, infections, poverty, high parity pregnancy, and poor access to health services, in addition to genetic and environmental factors [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The prevalence of all types of anemia among women of reproductive age was high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Micronutrient Situation among Reproductive-Age Women (15–49) and Under-Five Children in Sudan

Swareldhab

Al-Jawaldeh

Qureshi³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Background: Micronutrient malnutrition is a form of undernutrition that causes diseases, and this is mainly due to insufficient intake of nutrients in daily foods. The status of micronutrients for people in Sudan remains scarce, and information is limited. The aim of this study is to highlight the status of micronutrients among women of reproductive age (15–49 years of age) and their children in Sudan. Methods: This manuscript is a quantitative descriptive study, based on the data from Sudan Micronutrient Survey (SMS); it is part of the second round of the Simple Spatial Survey Method (S3M II) in Sudan (a total of 93,882 households). Results: The level of consumption of vitamin A-rich foods was found to be moderate at 67.36% for reproductive-age women and low at 23.44% for under-five children. Similarly, consumption rate of vitamin B-rich foods among reproductive-age women was 62.13%, and low for children at 11.02%. The consumption of iron-, calcium-, and zinc-rich foods was moderate among women (66.75%, 47.69%, 69.72%, respectively) and very low in children (12.28%, 17.62%, 14.99%, respectively). The iron deficiency prevalence was 47% in non-pregnant women, 58% in pregnant women, and 54% in children. The prevalence of anemia was 30% in non-pregnant women, 37% in pregnant women, and 48% in children. Generally, urinary iodine concentration was inadequate in lactating and non-pregnant women as well as in pregnant women. Most indicators of micronutrients in Sudan for children and women of reproductive age were highly significant. Sudan needs more efforts to create an enabling environment through legislation, policies, and strategies to strengthen the nutrition-sensitive and specific interventions and improving status of micronutrients among women and children, focusing on food fortification, food supplements, and counseling on micronutrients intake for mothers during antenatal and postnatal services as well as raising community awareness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Micronutrient Situation among Reproductive-Age Women (15–49) and Under-Five Children in Sudan

Swareldhab

Al-Jawaldeh

Qureshi³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Anemia during pregnancy across the world involves around 32 million individuals, approximately 38% of the world population ( Tan et al, 2020 ). According to recent researches 2/3rd of the pregnant population is affected by anemia ( Ali et al, 2020 ). During pregnancy, anemia of mothers could lead to detrimental effects on the newborn ( Sarah et al, 2018 , Shah et al, 2020c ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Anemia and its effects on neonatal outcome, in the population of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Shah

Khaskheli²,

Ansari

et al. 2022

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Background Anemia in pregnancy is a globally health-related issue, that affects both mothers and their newborn. Anemia during pregnancy across the world involves approximately 38% of the world population. To evaluate the effect of gestational anemia on perinatal outcome in the population. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of gestational anemia on perinatal outcome in the population of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted among pregnant mothers who were listed to give birth at Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad during the period of September 2018 to September 2019. The study population 400 were selected by convenient random sampling, and grouped into 2 on the basis of their Hb levels, with Hb < 11 gm% they were classified as anemic mothers, Hb ≥ 11 gm% were termed as non-anemic mothers, data was collected on the preformed questionnaire, and was analyzed on SPSS 21. Results The prevalence of anemia was 51.5% in in total population out of which, the incidence of normocytic normochromic anemia was highest 52.4 %microcytic hypochromic anemia was found in 19.4%, Overall, extremely low Apgar was found in 53 anemics, and 8 non. anemic mother’s infants, LBW incidence was 47.5 %; in anemic mothers, and 15.4 % in non-anemic group, the term, small for gestational age infants were 14.5% in anemic mothers, and 3.6% in non-anemic mothers, there were 36 preterm births to anemic mothers and 10 in non-anemic mothers. The incidence of caesarian section is 53.3% in anemic mothers compared to 30.9% in non-anemic mothers. Conclusions Anemia in pregnancy significantly increases risks of low Apgar, LBW, term SGA, preterm birth, and an increase incidence of caesarian section.

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“…Although the prevalence of IDA is declining, still Iron deficiency continues to be the top ranking cause of anemia in children, women and adults worldwide, both in the developed and developing countries 1 . In Pakistan a study from Thatta Sindh, reported 63% prevalence of the Iron deficiency in women in their child gearing age 2 . Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (I DA) can affect an individual"s emotion, cognition, and development as iron is responsible for many enzymatic activities in the body and is related to development of normal milestone 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective

Khan¹,

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2022

J Gandhara Med Dent Sci

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OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region. METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years. The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups. CONCLUSION: A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.

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Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in Thatta Pakistan: Findings from a cross-sectional study

Cited by 31 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of Micronutrient Situation among Reproductive-Age Women (15–49) and Under-Five Children in Sudan

Assessment of Micronutrient Situation among Reproductive-Age Women (15–49) and Under-Five Children in Sudan

Gestational Anemia and its effects on neonatal outcome, in the population of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective

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