Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Patients Attending the Laquintinie Hospital Douala, Cameroon

Abstract

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health problem worldwide. Diseases caused by these microorganisms most often are difficult to treat consequently, present with severe outcomes. Despite the increase association of MRSA in most hospital acquired infections, surveillance systems to control the spread of these infections are lacking especially in the developing countries. The present study is part of a major study developed to trail the incidence of multidrug resistant pathogens in clinical settings using available resources, with the aim to gather relevant data for the management and control of nosocomial infections. The specific objective of the current study is therefore to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates from one of the largest hospitals in the country. This was a hospital based cross sectional study involving 114 participants, conducted between March and June 2016. Various clinical specimens were inoculated on to blood agar and mannitol salt agar and incubated at 35-37°C aerobically for 18-24 hours for the isolation of S. aureus. Isolates were identified using the catalase and coagulase tests. Sensitivity testing was done using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Out of 114 samples analysed, S. aureus was isolated from 33 (28.95%) while MRSA was detected in 15 (13.16%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance (80-100%) to penicillins and no resistance to amikacin, lincomycin and ofloxacin. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was also observed among MRSA isolates. MRSA and multidrug resistant S. aureus are common in the study site. Therefore, there is a need for the improvement of surveillance systems to monitor and curb the spread of these resistant pathogens.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Evaluation of Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Milk, North West Province, South Africa

“…The mechanism of resistance to glycopeptides is not well defined, but it is suggested that resistance could be through the acquisition of the mobile genetic elements of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus that cause changes in the metabolism and cell wall of Staphylococcus [38]. These results are in line with reports from previous studies on animal and clinical samples [22,33,39,40]. Ateba and colleagues recorded a moderate to high percentage (39-100%) of resistance to methicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin among S. aureus isolates from communal farms [22].…”

A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon

“…Finally, 24 studies were included in our review and met the criteria for MRSA proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon [13,. Among the included studies, there were 22 studies on human MRSA epidemiology [13,[20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], one study on animal epidemiology [25], two studies on food epidemiology [19,21], one study on environmental epidemiology [38].…”

“…Of the 24 studies included, 8 were conducted in the Central Region (33.3%) [13,22,24,27,37], and Five in the Western Region (20.8%) [30,32,35,36]. The Littoral (8.3%) [20,41] and South West (8.3%) regions [21,38] were studied twice each, while one study covered the Centre, Littoral, and South West regions (4.1%) [26]. In addition, one study included the Central and Southwest regions (4.1%) [39], and another focused on the Northwest and Southwest regions (4.1%) [19].…”

“…Patients with specific diseases such as diabetes mellitus showed a prevalence of 38.9%, while those with HIV/AIDS ranged from 1.9% to 33.3% [22,28]. Patients with skin and soft tissue infections had a prevalence of 13.2% [20], and those with suppurating wounds or abscesses reported 17.3% [31]. A broad spectrum was observed among patients with various diseases, with rates spanning from 13.4% to 46.8% [27,30,34,35,39].…”

“…The surgical department of in-patient settings had a lower prevalence at 13.5% [35], like the intensive care units which stayed at 13.4% [27]. Mixed settings, which have encompassed various departments, displayed a diverse prevalence, ranging from 2.8% to 46.8% [20,24,37,39]. A subgroups data by Sinda et al (2020) showcased variance by gender, age, ward type, and length of hospitalization, drawing attention to a 59.7% prevalence in surgical units [39].…”