Prevalance of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in Blood Donors: A Study from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand

Abstract

Backround: ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly for the immunologic safety of blood during transfusion.Aims: This study is aimed to determine the distribution pattern of the ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and compare it with other data from similar studies within the India and all over the world. Design:It is a retrospective study carried out at blood bank of Shushila Tewari Hospital of Government Medical College, Haldwani from January 2012 to December 2013. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 12,701 blood donors. ABO and Rh typing was done using slide agglutination method with antisera ABO and Rh (Tulip diagnostics ltd). Doubtful cases were confirmed by tube agglutination method and reverse grouping using known pooled A and B cells. The age group and sex of donors, frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups were reported in simple percentages. Results:The predominant donors belonged to age group between 18-35years (84.28%). Male donors were more than female donors, ratio being 352:1. Replacement donors (99.71%) were much more than voluntary donors (0.91%). The most common blood group was B (32.07%) and least common being AB (10.53%). Blood group 'O' and 'A' had same frequency. The prevalence of Rhesus positive and negative distribution in the studied population was 94.49% and 5.51% respectively. Blood group frequency with respect to ABO and Rhesus positive was found to be shown by formula B> O>A >AB. The frequency for ABO and Rhesus negative was given by the formula B>A>O>AB.Conclusion: Knowledge of frequencies of the different blood groups is very important for blood banks and transfusion service policies that could contribute significantly to the National Health System. Apart from their importance in blood transfusion practice, the ABO and Rh blood groups are useful in clinical studies population genetic studies, researching population migration patterns as well as resolving certain medicolegal issues, particularly of disputed paternity cases [8].All human populations share the same blood group systems; although they differ in the frequencies of specific types. The incidence of ABO and Rh groups varies markedly in different races, ethnic groups, and socio-economic groups in different part of the world [9].Knowledge of availability of different Blood groups at various levels is need of the hour for more efficient delivery of blood bank services and so is the need of this study.In the present study distribution of blood groups is studied in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present retrospective study was carried out at blood bank of Dr. Shushila Tewari teaching hospital of Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital after due ethical clearance from the institutional ethic committee. The data of present study corresponds to period www.jcdr.netParul Garg et al., Frequency of ABO and Rhesus Blood ...

Distribution of Abo and Rh Blood Groups Among Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Hospital

“…Most of the studies in Northern India, (Chandra et al, 12 Garg et al, 13 Singh P et al, 14 Singh S et al 15 ), Western India (Giri et al, 16 Behra et al 17 and Arya et al 18 ) and Central India (Chaurasia et al 6 ), showed B blood group as the commonest blood group, similar to our study. (Table 3) In contrast, studies done in Southern India (Suresh et al, 19 John et al 20 ) and Eastern India (Nag et al, 21 Badge et al 11 ) showed O group to be the commonest blood group.…”

ABO Rh (D) blood group distribution among whole blood donors at two different setups of tertiary care hospitals in North India

“…Among other centres in Northern India and neighbouring country Pakistan, the trend of ABO frequency was same as B>O>A>AB blood groups but the frequency of A blood group among Kumaon population in Uttarakhand (28.7%) and neighbouring Nepal(34%) was reported to be higher as compared to other parts of North. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Similar observations of 'B' blood group being the commonest were made from Western states. 12,13 The distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups when compared to the studies done at eastern or southern parts of the country and few other parts of the world showed contrasting observations wherein blood group O is the most prevalent.…”

Distribution of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in ABO and Rh Blood Groups: A 5 Year Study

“…[6] Association of blood groups with various diseases has been commonly observed. The studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, venous thrombosis and atherosclerosis are more common in persons of group A, while its low in people with blood group 'O'.…”