Pressurized planar electrochromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography—Comparison of performance

High performance stationary phases for planar chromatography

“…The plate height generally declines with increasing migration distance reaching a plateau or shallow region between about 35 and 75 mm [57,61,63,64]. The lowest observed plate heights for the plateau region fall into the range 10-15 m corresponding to H ≈ 2d p for high performance pre-coated octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica layers.…”

Low-parachor solvents extraction and thermostated micro-thin-layer chromatography separation for fast screening and classification of spirulina from pharmaceutical formulations and food samples

“…In analytical practice, a modern high-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC) involving reversed phase (RP) plate is particularly suitable for the method of miniaturization. Using modern HPTLC plates, the mobile phase developing distance can be reduced to less than 50 mm, which is well documented in the literature [32][33][34][35]. Generally, this conclusion is based on the observation that the minimum values of the plate height (H) can be achieved if the solvent migration distance along the HPTLC plate ranges from 30 to 40 mm [11,33].…”

“…Under such conditions total analysis time can be dramatically reduced in comparison to chromatographic separations performed on typical 10 or 20 cm long TLC plates. Moreover, it allows the miniaturized planar chromatographic devices to work with L volumes of the mobile phase to complete the whole analytical run [12,13,[34][35][36].…”

Instrument platforms for thin-layer chromatography

“…The mobile phase is driven through the prewet layer by a high voltage established by two electrodes in independent buffer reservoirs connected to opposite sides of the layer. Plate heights of about 12-15 m have been obtained for HPTLC layers in a shorter time and with longer migration distances than possible with capillary-controlled flow development [42]. Separations in electrochromatography occur by a combination of chromatography and electrophoresis and the migration order of ionizable compounds may be different compared with conventional thin-layer chromatography.…”