Low-parachor solvents extraction and thermostated micro-thin-layer chromatography separation for fast screening and classification of spirulina from pharmaceutical formulations and food samples

Two-Dimensional Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography Designed to Separate and Locate Metabolites with Antioxidant Activity Contained on Spirulina platensis

“…Representative photographs of the TLC strips developed with the indicated mobile phases are shown in Figure 1 . Under visible light, eleven spots were obtained when the MP-1 was used; this result was equivalent to the reported previously [ 39 ], demonstrating that such experiment was successfully reproduced. Besides, six additional spots were observed under UVL 366 .…”

“…In order to separate the compounds of the methanolic extract of Spirulina platensis , a “family” of 1D-TLCs was prepared. For this purpose, just as starting point, the mobile phase used by Zarzycki et al [ 39 ] was used, performing a systematic modification of such mobile phase to increase its relative polarity. The relative polarity of mobile phases was qualitatively estimated considering the solubility parameters of the correspondent pure solvents ( δ ); such criteria are commonly used to design binary solvents with a gradual decreasing of its solvation capacity [ 41 ].…”

“…TLC strips (2 cm × 10 cm) and TLC plates (20 cm × 20 cm) were used for 1D- and 2D-TLC, respectively. Nine different solvent systems ( Table 1 ) were tested as mobile phases (MPs); the MP-1 was reported previously by Zarzycki et al, which was considered as the starting mobile phase [ 39 , 40 ].…”

“…Zarzycki et al [ 33 , 39 ] implemented a one-dimensional TLC technique (1D-TLC) to separate the chemical components present in four pharmaceutical formulations of Spirulina platensis . The cyanobacterium samples were extracted with methanol, acetone, or tetrahydrofuran, obtaining the best results with methanol [ 39 , 40 ]. For all extracts, the spots on TLC plates were initially visualized using natural light and, to visualize additional spots, TLC plates were exposed to iodine vapors.…”

Thin-layer Chromatographic Identification of Chinese Propolis Using Chemometric Fingerprinting

“…Thin-layer chromatography was combined with image analysis and chemometric analyses, including similarity analysis (SA), artificial neural network (ANN, otherwise known as neural network, NN), and k-nearest neighbours (k-NNs), to classify samples of the genus Bupleuri radix (Tian et al, 2009). Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering (HC) analysis were used with thermostated microthin-layer chromatography for the rapid screening and classification of spirulina from pharmaceutical formulations and food samples (Zarzycki et al, 2011). Thin-layer chromatography was combined with image analysis and hierarchical fuzzy clustering for the successful ecosystem discrimination and fingerprinting of Romanian propolis (Sârbu and Moţ, 2011).…”