2002
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-002-1487-z
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Pressure ulcers in intensive care patients: a review of risks and prevention

Abstract: Meaningful comparison cannot be made between the various studies because of the use of different grading systems for pressure ulcers, different methods of data collection, different (or lack of) population characteristics, unreported preventive measures, and the use of different inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is a need for well-conducted studies covering all these aspects.

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Cited by 249 publications
(222 citation statements)
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References 35 publications
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“…Os resultados estão apresentados como média ± desvio-padrão a não ser quando especificado de outra for- 11,12,15 descreveram que a prevenção é tão importante como a identificação do risco, razão pela qual devem ser criados escalas e protocolos de prevenção adequada para cada grau de risco, assim como promover a sua correta implementação.…”
Section: Análise Estatísticaunclassified
“…Os resultados estão apresentados como média ± desvio-padrão a não ser quando especificado de outra for- 11,12,15 descreveram que a prevenção é tão importante como a identificação do risco, razão pela qual devem ser criados escalas e protocolos de prevenção adequada para cada grau de risco, assim como promover a sua correta implementação.…”
Section: Análise Estatísticaunclassified
“…The occurrence of pressure ulcers (PU) in hospitalized patients is a major health issue that can cause: physical discomfort for the patient; increased treatment costs; need for intensive nursing care; extended length of stay ; increased risk for the development of additional complications; need for corrective surgery; and effects on death rates (1)(2) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the critical determiners for PU is the intensity and prolonged pressure on tissues, and the skin and adjacent structures tolerance to stand it. These aspects are related to: patients' mobility, understood as the ability to move, keep or sustain certain body positions; the ability to remove pressure from skin/body areas to enable circulation; and to sensorial perception which implies the level of awareness and the individuals' ability to feel painful stimulus or discomfort and to react to them by changing their body position or asking for help to turn (6)(7) . Skin tolerance to pressure is influenced by external factors such as: skin exposure to excessive dampness, friction and shear, and by internal factors such as: poor nutrition, old age and decrease in arteriolar pressure (6,8) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some of the nursing actions considered as preventive measures for PU development are: mobility and adequate positioning and repositioning of patients; skin care with appropriate hygiene techniques, use of moisturizing cream; indication and use of support surfaces (type of mattress); supervision of nutritional conditions and fluid intake, among others (5,8) . Studies point out that in intensive care, the incidence of PU ranges from 1% to 56 % ( 7,9) ; whereas in care institutions for acute patients, general hospitals and surgical units, the incidence ranges from 2% to 29.5% (10)(11)(12) . In Brazil, studies in intensive care units estimated PU incidence between 10.62% and 62.5% (8,(13)(14)(15) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%