Preservative leaching from weathered CCA-treated wood

Townsend, Timothy G.; Dubey, Brajesh; Tolaymat, Thabet; Solo‐Gabriele, Helena M.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.009

Cited by 74 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is consistent with the literature [28,29]. TCLP is conducted at a 20:1 liquid-to-solid ratio and WET is carried out at 10:1 liquid to solid ratio; the TCLP is twice diluted compared to WET and in general higher leachate concentrations are observed at lower liquid-to-solid ratio [28,29]. The greater element concentrations observed in the WET leachates relative to the leachates most likely result, however, from citrate's propensity to chelate Cd.…”

Section: Leaching Tests: Ans 161 Tclp and Wetsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The WET extracted somewhat higher concentrations of Cd than the TCLP but below WET limit values [8]. This is consistent with the literature [28,29]. TCLP is conducted at a 20:1 liquid-to-solid ratio and WET is carried out at 10:1 liquid to solid ratio; the TCLP is twice diluted compared to WET and in general higher leachate concentrations are observed at lower liquid-to-solid ratio [28,29].…”

Section: Leaching Tests: Ans 161 Tclp and Wetsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The greater element concentrations observed in the WET leachates relative to the leachates most likely result, however, from citrate's propensity to chelate Cd. Citric acid has multidentate ligands while acetic acid has monodentate ligands, and in general, complexes with monodentate ligands are less stable than those with multidentate ligands [28,29].…”

Section: Leaching Tests: Ans 161 Tclp and Wetmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immobilization of Cadmium from Contaminated Sediment Using Cardboard Mill Sludge

Prica¹,

Dalmacija²,

Dalmacija³

et al. 2012

Archives of Environmental Protection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Sludge from cardboard mill is most commonly landfi lled, but it could also be recycled on-site into production or reused in some other way. In this study the use of sludge from cardboard mill as stabilizing agent in the stabilization treatment of cadmium polluted sediment was examined. The effectiveness of treatment and long-term leaching behavior of cadmium was evaluated by determining the cumulative percentage of cadmium leached, diffusion coeffi cients (De) and by applying different leaching tests (semi-dynamic test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, waste extraction test). In order to simulate the "worst case" leaching conditions, the semi-dynamic leaching test was modifi ed using 0.014 M acetic acid (pH = 3.25) and humic acids solution (20 mg l -1 TOC) as leachants instead of deionized water. A diffusion-based model was used to elucidate the controlling leaching mechanisms. Applied treatment was effective in immobilizing cadmium irrespective of high availability in the untreated sample. The controlling leaching mechanism appeared to be diffusion, which indicates that a slow leaching of cadmium could be expected when the cardboard mill sludge as stabilization agent is applied.

show abstract

Section: Leaching Tests: Ans 161 Tclp and Wetsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Leaching Tests: Ans 161 Tclp and Wetsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Leaching Tests: Ans 161 Tclp and Wetmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immobilization of Cadmium from Contaminated Sediment Using Cardboard Mill Sludge

Prica¹,

Dalmacija²,

Dalmacija³

et al. 2012

Archives of Environmental Protection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At present, the use of traditional toxic wood preservatives is being questioned and their application is restricted (Hingston et al 2001;Ibach 2005;Townsend et al 2005). As alternatives to these preservatives, wood can be modified by nontoxic chemicals and/or by physical treatments (Hill 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Ringman

Pilgård²,

Brischke

et al. 2013

Holzforschung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemically or physically modified wood materials have enhanced resistance to wood decay fungi. In contrast to treatments with traditional wood preservatives, where the resistance is caused mainly by the toxicity of the chemicals added, little is known about the mode of action of nontoxic wood modification methods. This study reviews established theories related to resistance in acetylated, furfurylated, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea-treated, and thermally modified wood. The main conclusion is that only one theory provides a consistent explanation for the initial inhibition of brown rot degradation in modified wood, that is, moisture exclusion via the reduction of cell wall voids. Other proposed mechanisms, such as enzyme nonrecognition, micropore blocking, and reducing the number of free hydroxyl groups, may reduce the degradation rate when cell wall water uptake is no longer impeded.

show abstract

“…2013) represents one of the most promising alternatives employed to reduce boron or metal leaching (Saka and Ueno 1997;Kartal and Imamura 2004;Kartal et al 2007a;Terziev et al 2009), thus increasing biological resistance against wood degrading fungi and insects (Kartal et al 2007b). Tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane as modifying silicon-based compounds were described for their potential to limit both boron (Kartal et al 2009) and copper release (Townsend et al 2005). The modification of wood with siloxane materials bearing amino groups was also performed : tetraethossysilane (TEOS) and triethoxysilanes functionalized with amino groups, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), were used as precursors; their hydrolysis and cocondensation (the sol-gel process) was allowed to take place in situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Amine Functionalization and Ageing on Copper and Boron Leaching from Wood Preservatives Grafted to Siloxane Networks

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study evaluated copper, boron, and silicon release from wood samples treated with sol-gel formulations based on tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized with copper (II) chloride and boric acid, respectively. The adopted leaching procedure was Japanese protocol JIS K 1571JIS K (2004. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Electron Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) were employed for analyzing the leached solutions. The obtained results highlighted the important role of the amine function that was derived from the APTES precursor, in anchoring both copper and boron through coordinative and ionic interactions, respectively. In fact, copper formulations with TEOS alone (without APTES) showed higher copper leaching. In contrast, the silicon leaching was decreased due to better siloxane reticulation performed by TEOS alone. In addition, ageing (two months) of the samples treated with APTES containing formulation TEOS/APTES/Cu 10:1:0.2 resulted in a reduction of copper leaching (from 27% in the fresh samples to 7% in the aged ones), which was attributable to increased efficiency of inorganic sol-gel polymerization. The TEOS/APTES/B 1:1:0.2 formulation gave a leaching value of 20%, which was lower in comparison with the values reported in previous literature.

show abstract

Preservative leaching from weathered CCA-treated wood

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Immobilization of Cadmium from Contaminated Sediment Using Cardboard Mill Sludge

Immobilization of Cadmium from Contaminated Sediment Using Cardboard Mill Sludge

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Effect of Amine Functionalization and Ageing on Copper and Boron Leaching from Wood Preservatives Grafted to Siloxane Networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About