Present Status of Protozoan Pathogens Causing Water - Borne Disease in Northern Part of El-Minia Governorate , Egypt

Khalifa, R.; Ahmad, Azza K.; Abdel-Hafeez, Ekhlas H.; Mosllem, Fadia A.

doi:10.12816/0007860

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the detection rate reaches 25% in Brazil [44] , 34.6% in Iran [45] and 41.6% in Baghdad [46] . Similar results were obtained in El-Minia governorate where the investigators collected 10 ml of water from different water sources (canals, tanks, and tap water) and they detected Cryptosporidium oocysts in 53% of their water samples [19] . High detection rate (92%) was recorded on examining drinking water sources in Argentina and the investigators found Cryptosporidium oocysts in a concentration ranging from 20-539 oocysts/100 liter [47] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In some areas of Egypt, sewage and industrial discharge may be subjected to minimal treatment and discharged directly into the Nile river and its lakes, and canals. Higher levels of pathogens in surface water supplies, including density and variety, are expected in areas where treatment of sewage and industrial discharges is marginal or nonexistent [19] . Meanwhile, adequate and fully operational conventional drinking water treatment processes (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) share in the reduction of microbial contaminants of public health concern in raw source water [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Sakran

El-Shahawy

Shalaby

et al. 2017

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Waterborne protozoal infections are common health problems in many parts of the world especially in developing countries. Water is a major vehicle for transmission of protozoa such as G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. as well as pathogenic and opportunistic free living amoeba (FLA). Objective: This study aims to detect the presence of protozoal agents in tap water and storage water tanks at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Material and Methods: A total of ninety five water samples were collected from different water sources, taps (65) and tanks (30), from 6 Fayoum districts. The samples were processed to detect the presence of G. lamblia cysts by Lugol's iodine stain, Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and FLA by cultivation. After cultivation, Acanthamoeba spp. were identified according to their morphological features and flagellation test was performed to detect amoeboflagellates. Results: All water samples collected from tanks (100%) were contaminated by protozoa of medical importance, while only 6 (9.2%) of the tap water samples were pathogen free. The majority of water samples were contaminated with mixed protozoal infections. The overall detection rates of contaminants in water sources were 86.3%, 52.6%, 13.7% by FLA, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. lamblia, respectively. Conclusions: The recorded detection rates of waterborne protozoa present a hazard to the community resulting in silent morbidities and mortalities. It is strongly recommended to adopt proper water safety measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Sakran

El-Shahawy

Shalaby

et al. 2017

Parasitologists United Journal

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show abstract

“…Besides, in Egypt E. histolytica was reported by many authors particularly in immunocompromized patients (El-Beshbishi et al, 2005;Abd-Alla et al, 2013;El Nadi et al, 2015;Foda and Singh, 2015;Banisch et al, 2015;El-Shazly et al, 2015). On the other hand, the zoonotic cryptosporidiosis was reported in nearly all the Egyptian Governorates from man particularly in the immunocompromized patients, animals and even water sources (Azab et al, 1985;Soliman, 1992;Youssef et al, 1994;El Shazly et al, 2007;El-Sherbini and Mohammad, 2007;Massoud et al, 2008;Rayan et al, 2009;Baiomy et al, 2010;Khalifa et al, 2014). Conclusion Undoubtedly, the gastrointestinal protozoan parasites particularly, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium parvum are among the commonest causes of diarrheal illness particularly among children worldwide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic Activity of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Entamoeba Histolytica and Cryptosporidium Parvum Cysts

Saad

Soliman

Azzam

et al. 2015

JESP

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Nanoparticles (NPs) have received more attention as antiparasitic agents. In the present study, silver and copper nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The antiparasitic activity of Ag and CuO nanoparticles were tested against two of the most environmentally spread parasites in Egypt (Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium parvum). The average sizes of synthesized Ag NPs and CuO NPs were 9 & 29 nm respectively and a significant reduction for cysts viability (p > 0.05) was observed for CuO NPs against E. histolytica cysts and Ag NPs against C. parvum oocysts. Moreover, LC 50-3h of CuO NPs for E. histolytica and C. parvum were 0.13 and 0.72 mg/l, while Ag NPs recorded 0.34 and 0.54 mg/l respectively. Accordingly, these NPs could be suggested as a new nanoform agent for safe and effective treatment of E. histolytica and C. parvum parasites.

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“…In Egypt, protozoal contamination of drinking water was previously reported with variable rates. In northern part of El-Minia Governorate, out of 48 tap water samples, six (12.5%) were contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts [24] . In El-Ismailia city, only two out of 64 tap water samples from four districts were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts with a mean concentration of 25 oocysts/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal protozoa in diarrheic children in an Egyptian rural area: Role of water contamination and other possible risk factors

El-Latif

Mohamed

El-Taweel

et al. 2018

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Poor quality of drinking water has been linked to increased prevalence of diarrheal diseases. Intestinal protozoal infections are potential water borne pathogens. They contribute significantly to the burden of diarrheal diseases. Their transmission dynamics vary considerably among geographic areas. Objective: The present study investigated protozoal infections in diarrheic children and their relation to protozoal contamination of drinking water and other potential risk factors in two Egyptian villages. Material and Methods: Stool samples of 150 diarrheic children and 40 drinking water samples collected from the houses of participating children were examined for enteric protozoa. Data on potential risk factors for protozoal infection were recorded. Results: Protozoa were detected in 62.7% of faecal samples and in 32.5% of water samples. Protozoa were not found in water filtered by domestic filters. Protozoal infection was significantly more common among children who were drinking water in which protozoan contaminants were detected (84.6%) compared to those whose water sources were negative (22.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only two factors were independently linked to intestinal protozoal infection among participating children; neglecting hand wash before eating (adjusted OR: 7.446, 95% CI: 3.113-17.810) and drinking tap water directly without filtration (adjusted OR: 4.653, 95% CI: 1.82-11.895). Conclusion: The study provides supportive evidence for the role of contaminated water in human infection. Attention should be paid to ensure safe drinking water supply in developing countries. Simple measures such as water filtration coupled with personal hygiene can markedly reduce the risk of infection. The transmission dynamics of enteric protozoa vary considerably among geographic areas [1]. Understanding the significance of different sources of infection is needed

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Present Status of Protozoan Pathogens Causing Water - Borne Disease in Northern Part of El-Minia Governorate , Egypt

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Detection rates of waterborne protozoa in water sources from Fayoum Governorate

Antiparasitic Activity of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Entamoeba Histolytica and Cryptosporidium Parvum Cysts

Intestinal protozoa in diarrheic children in an Egyptian rural area: Role of water contamination and other possible risk factors

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