Intestinal protozoa in diarrheic children in an Egyptian rural area: Role of water contamination and other possible risk factors

Beyene

et al. 2019

Preprint

20 Background: Intestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly 21 affecting the low socio-economic groups. The objectives of this research were to estimate the 22 prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known 23 intestinal parasite infected patients. 24 Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the 25 urban and rural settings of mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017 to March 26 2019 from intestinal parasitic infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to 27 calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were 28 collected using interview technique and colleting stool samples from each household contact of 29 intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of 30 intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasites patients/family members. 31 Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic 32 infection among family members. 33 Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of parasite-infected 34 family members was 86.14 % [95% CI: 86.14 % -87.15 %]. Hookworm parasitic infection was 35 the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, 36 environmental sanitation, source of water, habit of playing with domestic animals, the presence 37 of chicken in the house, the presence of household water filtering materials, overcrowding, 38 personal hygiene, residence, and substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the 39 house, floor materials, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular hand washing practice, barefoot. 3 40 Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high among household contacts of 41 primary confirmed cases. 42 Key words: intestinal parasite, contact screening, secondary attack rate, household members. 43 Introduction 44 Intestinal parasites are groups of worm's primary affecting the gastrointestinal tracts broadly 45 contains flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and roundworms( ascariasis, pinworm, and 46 hookworm infections)[1]. The mode of transmission includes ingestion of uncooked animal 47 products, consuming infected water, absorption through the skin and fecal-oral [2]. 48 Predominantly intestinal parasitic infection transmitted through feco-oral route [3]. That means 49 all family members living in intestinal positive patients at higher risk of acquiring the infection. 50 A patient infected with intestinal parasite manifests with abdominal cramp, vomiting, excessive 51 bowl sound, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, malabsorption, skin itching [4]. Due to 52 unspecified symptoms, the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection usually performed by taking 53 stool samples and applying different laboratory techniques, concentration technique is more 54 valid than the other laboratory techniques [5]. 55 Intes...

“…This finding agrees with finding from Brazil [31]. This indicated that untreated water is a potential source of intestinal parasites infection [32].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Beyene

et al. 2019

Preprint

“…This finding agrees with finding from Brazil [46]. This indicated that untreated water is a potential source of protozoa infection [47].…”

Section: Intestinal Parasitic Infection Among Childrensupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Beyene

Feleke³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

Background Intestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly affecting the low socioeconomic groups. The objectives of this research works were to estimate the prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known intestinal parasite infected patients. Methods and materials A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the urban and rural settings of Mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017toMarch 2019 from intestinal parasite infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were collected using interview technique, and collecting stool samples from each household contact of intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasite patients/family members. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic infection among family members. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of intestinal parasiteinfected family members was 86.14% [95% CI: 86.14%-87.15%]. Hookworm infection was the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, environmental sanitation, overcrowding, personal hygiene, residence, substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the house, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular handwashing practice. Protozoa infection was associated with habit of ingesting raw vegetable, playing with domestic animals, water source and the presence of household water filtering materials.

Electron. J. Univ. Aden Basic Appl. Sci.

“…With a significant difference (X 2 = 7.910, P = 0.005), these results indicate that personal and general hygiene is one of the most important factors affecting the incidence of infection. This result is consistent with the results of previous studies conducted in Yemen in both governorates Sana'a [2], Taiz [7], and in other countries such Libya [66], Egypt [67], Ethiopia [68], India [69], and Nepal [70]. This is because infectious cysts remain in the environment for a very long period of time, which can be easily captured during contact with the environment and mixing freely with family members, so, not washing hands facilitates the spread of infection [63].The incidence of intestinal protozoa and other parasites among people who have dirt under the nails (99.14%), compared with people without dirt under the nails (95.15%), with significant differences (X 2 = 7.116, P = 0.008), this result is consistent with the results of previous studies conducted Ethiopia [15,71], and India [72].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Entamoeba Histolytica and Giardia Lamblia Among Patients Attending Some Hospitals in Al-Manssora Directorate, Aden – Yemen

Al-mansup¹,

Salem

2022

This study was conducted from October 2019 to October 2020.To determine the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among patients attending some hospitals (22 May Hospital, Cuban Hospital, Al-Naqeeb Hospital, Al Salam Hospital) in Al-manssora Directorate, Aden - Yemen. This study included 603 patients. Stool samples were obtained from all participants and laboratory conducted using a direct mount preparation with physiological normal saline (0.9%) and iodine stain. The results of the current study showed that the overall prevalence rate was 384/603 (63.68%). The prevalence of E. histolytica and G. lamblia was higher among males (33.34%) than that in female (30.34%). The prevalence rate of these parasites was higher in the age group between 20-67 years old (36.31%), followed by the age group (10-19) years. The study concluded that the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among diarrheal patients in Al-manssora Directorate, Aden – Yemen was high