Present and future sources of protons and heavy ions

Grunder, Hermann A.; Leemann, Ch.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(77)90230-9

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Dramatic technological innovations to optimize PBT are occurring at this point, including pencil‐beam scanning, intensity‐modulated proton therapy, image guidance, hypofractionation, and compact units; these will likely further decrease treatment costs . The use of cyclotrons versus synchrotrons also has been related to cost‐effectiveness along with postulation that, one day, 4‐dimensional proton treatment may be the standard of care for some tumors . Recent advances in optimizing treatment times, proton units, beam energies, and field design can improve cost‐effectiveness, as can achieving a balance of PBT‐indicated cases and “nonessential” cases .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the cost and cost‐effectiveness studies of proton radiotherapy

Verma

Mishra

Mehta

2016

Cancer

183

145

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Group of North America for both years of existence (2014)(2015). Eighteen original investigations were analyzed. RESULTS: The costeffectiveness for prostate cancer-the single most common diagnosis currently treated with PBT-was suboptimal. PBT was the most cost-effective option for several pediatric brain tumors. PBT costs for breast cancer were increased but were favorable for appropriately selected patients with left-sided cancers at high risk of cardiac toxicity and compared with brachytherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation. For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the greatest cost-effectiveness benefits using PBT were observed for locoregionally advanced-but not early stage-tumors. PBT offered superior cost-effectiveness in selected head/neck cancer patients at higher risk of acute mucosal toxicities. Similar cost-effectiveness was observed for PBT, enucleation, and plaque brachytherapy in patients with uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: With greatly limited amounts of data, PBT offers promising cost-effectiveness for pediatric brain tumors, well-selected breast cancers, locoregionally advanced NSCLC, and high-risk head/neck cancers. Heretofore, it has not been demonstrated that PBT is cost-effective for prostate cancer or early stage NSCLC. Careful patient selection is absolutely critical to assess cost-effectiveness. Together with increasing PBT availability, clinical trial evidence, and ongoing major technological improvements, cost-effectiveness data and conclusions from this analysis could change rapidly. Cancer 2016;122:1483

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the cost and cost‐effectiveness studies of proton radiotherapy

Verma

Mishra

Mehta

2016

Cancer

183

145

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“…Analysis of tumor DDR mutation status plays an important role in predicting the causes of different immune in ltration characteristics in patients. There are reports showing that the abnormal expression of a variety of important chemokines is related to the occurrence of DDR [49]. Spontaneous TIL in ltration may occur at the same time as the malignant progression of tumors in the state before immunothermal treatment caused by DDR de ciency [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Genetic Determinants of Pancreatic Cancer Immune Phenotypes by Integrative Genome-scale Analysis

yuhang

Wang

Song

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant neoplasm of the digestive tract that is highly malignant and difficult to diagnose at an early stage with high postoperative mortality and low cure rates. Cancer immunotherapy is innovating the clinical treatment of several cancers, but has a limited role in PC. The incomplete understanding of immune response hinders the development of gene therapy. To fill this gap, it is very necessary to classify the immunogenic subtypes of PC to understand the relationship between tumor microenvironments and clinical pathological characteristics, DNA damage repair and tumor immune response.Methods We extracted copy number change, somatic mutation and expression data from tumor genome map (TCGA). Using RNA sequencing data, we defined three different immunophenotypes and elucidated how immune cell interactions in immune subtypes vary with the background of the immune system. Further correlation analysis between DNA damage repair (DDR) related genes expression and immune response was conducted to explore the effects of DDR expression on antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironments.Results We defined three different immunophenotypes and elucidated how immune cell interactions in immune subtypes vary with the background of the immune system. When the total number of mutations was standardized, no enrichment of new epitopes was detected in immunocompetent phenotypes. These observations suggest that mutations in Th-1 enriched IS3 tumors are essentially no more immunogenic than those in IS2 cancers. We also found that the expression patterns of key IFN mediators STAT1 and / or STAT3 were increased in tumors with DDR mutations (19 of ATM, ERCC1, Rb1, BRCA2, pole and TP53), which is a reflex activation of IFN pathway.Conclusions Three defined immune subtypes show different characteristics of immune cell infiltration, revealing different manifestations in anti-cancer immune function. That is to say, clinical biological events of differential tumors are associated to immune-phenotypes. The invasive phenotype was driven by somatic mutations across immune subtypes, and DDR defect may also influence the response of tumor immune subtypes. Our results suggested that the occurrence of pancreatic cancer is related to genetic factors of immunophenotype, providing information for clinical prognosis and outcome of pancreatic cancer.

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“…As a demonstration of the practical use of our model, we compared In the first set (Blakely et al 1979), survival of human kidney T-1 cells grown in monolayers on thin glass coverslips was measured at various points and residual energies along the pristine, passively scattered Bragg curve of carbon, neon and argon beams with initial energies of 400, 425 and 570 MeV u −1 , respectively. Measurements were made at LBNL using the BEVALAC accelerator (Grunder and Leemann 1977). In the second set (Dokic et al 2016), survival of human alveolar adenocarcinoma A549 cells grown in monolayers was measured at the center of a scanned 1 cm spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) of clinical proton, helium, carbon and oxygen beams.…”

Section: Association Of Id Parameters With Biological Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization detail parameters and cluster dose: a mathematical model for selection of nanodosimetric quantities for use in treatment planning in charged particle radiotherapy

Faddegon,

Blakely,

Burigo

et al. 2023

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Objective: To propose a mathematical model for applying Ionization Detail (ID), the detailed spatial distribution of ionization along a particle track, to proton and ion beam radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP). Approach: Our model provides for selection of preferred ID parameters (Ip ) for RTP, that associate closest to biological effects. Cluster dose is proposed to bridge the large gap between nanoscopic Ip and macroscopic RTP. Selection of Ip is demonstrated using published cell survival measurements for protons through argon, comparing results for nineteen Ip : Nk ; k = 2,3,...,10, the number of ionizations in clusters of k or more per particle, and Fk ; k = 1,2,...,10, the number of clusters of k or more per particle. We then describe application of the model to ID-based RTP and propose a path to clinical translation. Main results: The preferred Ip were N4 and F5 for aerobic cells, N5 and F7 for hypoxic cells. Significant differences were found in cell survival for beams having the same LET or the preferred Nk . Conversely, there was no significant difference for F5 for aerobic cells and F7 for hypoxic cells, regardless of ion beam atomic number or energy. Further, cells irradiated with the same cluster dose for these Ip had the same cell survival. Based on these preliminary results and other compelling results in nanodosimetry, it is reasonable to assert that Ip exist that are more closely associated with biological effects than current LET-based approaches and microdosimetric RBE-based models used in particle RTP. However, more biological variables such as cell line and cycle phase, as well as ion beam pulse structure and rate still need investigation. Significance: Our model provides a practical means to select preferred Ip from radiobiological data, and to convert Ip to the macroscopic cluster dose for particle RTP.

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Present and future sources of protons and heavy ions

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

A systematic review of the cost and cost‐effectiveness studies of proton radiotherapy

A systematic review of the cost and cost‐effectiveness studies of proton radiotherapy

Identification of Genetic Determinants of Pancreatic Cancer Immune Phenotypes by Integrative Genome-scale Analysis

Ionization detail parameters and cluster dose: a mathematical model for selection of nanodosimetric quantities for use in treatment planning in charged particle radiotherapy

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