Substantial beams of deuterons, alpha-particles, and nitrogen ions have been accelerated to high energies (nitrogen to 36 billion electron volts) in the bevatron. Beams of various energies were successfully extracted for experimental use. Modifications of the ion source, the injector, and the main acceleration system made the production of highenergy heavy ions possible. Our computer control system played an important part.
LBL-5395 A brief outline of existing medical heavy-ion facilities is given. The beam specifications for future dedicated medical ion accelerators arc discussed. Machines capable of delivcring dosc r;:itcs (if approximately 1 krad/min in volumes of a few liters arc shown to represent exi.sting technology. A cost and performance analysis shows the synchrotrons to be the most economical source for the heavier ':ions while conventional cyclotrons seem optimal for an exclusive proton facili ty. Jtis seen that the incorporation of additional capahilities such as neutron generation or radioisotope production can be achieved at modest incremental costs. In addition to the accelerators, feasible layouts of hypothetical facilities are discussed, and three-dimensional beam scanning is shown to allow the irradiation of large volumes without sacrificing the precj se dose localization capabi Ii ties of heavy-ion beams. Concepts of quality-controlled engineering and modern computer technology arc introduced as a means to ohtain the desired high degree of reliahility and case of operation and maintenance.
In radiation therapy treatment volumes up to several liters have to be irradiated. Today's charged particle programs use ridge filters, scattering foils, occluding rings collimators and boluses to shape the dose distribution. 1 An alternative approach, scanning of a small diameter beam, is analyzed and tentative systems specifications are derived. Critical components are scheduled for fabrication and testing at LBL.. , " This report was done with support from the United States Energy Research and Development Administration. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report represent solely those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of The Regents' of the University of California, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory or the United States Energy Research and Development Administration.
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