Present and Future Challenges of Coastal Erosion in Latin America

Silva, Rodolfo; Martínez, M. Luisa; Hesp, Patrick A.; Catalán, Patricio A.; Osorio, Andrés F.; Martell, Raúl; Fossati, Mónica; Silva, Graziela Miot da; Mariño‐Tapia, Ismael; Pereira, Pedro; Cienguegos, Rodrigo; Klein, Antonio H. F.; Govaere, Georges

doi:10.2112/si71-001.1

Cited by 102 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Since WECs vary so much in their technologies and dimensions, and site locations vary in relation to the water column and the distance from the coast, it is difficult to make generalizations about the potential negative effects of wave power devices [68]. However, tropical countries share ecological and social characteristics such as high biodiversity and uneven economic development [69], characteristics that have to be taken seriously by the marine energy industry.…”

Section: Environmental and Social Challenges For Wave Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives

Felix

Hernández-Fontes

Lithgow

et al. 2019

JMSE

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The harnessing of renewable sources of marine energy has become a promising solution for a number of problems, namely satisfying the increasing demand for electricity, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the provision of energy to regions unconnected to a national grid. Tropical countries have an interesting dichotomy: Despite their varied potential sources of marine energy, their environmental and social conditions impose severe constraints on the development of a renewable energy industry. Moreover, the exploitation of these opportunities is limited by national economies' reliance on fossil fuels, political and social restraints, and technological immaturity. The present work addresses challenges and opportunities common to wave energy implementation in tropical nations, as a first approach to a regional diagnosis. The motivation for this work is to encourage research on wave energy policies in the Tropics. Technical, environmental, and social challenges to be overcome in wave energy projects are discussed. The technical challenges are grouped into development, deployment, and operation stages of wave energy converters; environmental challenges are divided into biodiversity, cumulative effects, and monitoring aspects, whilst social issues include population growth and energy access matters. The Mexican strategy for developing sustainable technology throughout the wave energy production chain is also presented. 2 of 21 projects and plans for future development based on their local marine characteristics and geographical region; temperate, polar or subpolar. Most developing countries, on the other hand, are located in tropical regions (approximately between latitudes 23.5 • N and 23.5 • S), where it may also be possible to harness marine energy. In these regions stable, high temperatures and air humidity are generally found, although climate variations exist between sub-regions, due to altitude, topography, winds, ocean phenomena, geomorphology, vegetation, and anthropic changes [13].While the greatest wave energy potential is found outside the Tropics, some tropical countries have lower, but persistent, availability of resources. Indeed, wave energy converters have been successfully deployed in Indonesia [14,15], the Philippines [16], and India [17]. Recently, evaluations of ocean energy resources in tropical regions have been published. In Asia, Purba [14] evaluated the possibilities of taking advantage of ocean energy resources in Indonesia. Through database analyses, they found sites at which ocean surface waves have a mean 72 kW/m 2 available.Regarding Oceania, Hemer et al. [18] showed that some of the most energetic wave and tidal energy resources are found in the tropical and subtropical regions of this continent. SEA [19] reported that converting energy from waves is feasible along the coast of Southern Africa [20].In the tropical regions of America, Osorio et al.[21] estimated the available ocean energy resources from waves, tides, currents, salinity gradients, and thermal gradients in Colombi...

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Section: Environmental and Social Challenges For Wave Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives

Felix

Hernández-Fontes

Lithgow

et al. 2019

JMSE

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“…Esta observación es coincidente con otros estudios (e.g., Villagrán et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2014), que indican que algunas playas en la zona central de Chile se recuperaron en virtud que las fuentes de sedimentos no habían sido afectadas pre-y posttsunami.…”

Section: Curanipeunclassified

Rehabilitacion de centros urbanos afectados por el tsunami 2010 en la Comuna de Pelluhue, Chile

Igualt¹,

Breuer²,

Winckler³

et al. 2017

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RESUMEN. La Comuna de Pelluhue fue una de las más afectadas durante el terremoto y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010 en Chile central, registrando 47 fallecidos, el mayor número de muertes per-cápita del país. Este estudio se orienta a analizar la resiliencia de los centros urbanos de la comuna, desde sus principales instancias: preparación, resistencia, recuperación y adaptación. Los daños generados por el tsunami se estudian mediante un levantamiento in-situ, complementado con levantamientos efectuados en 2013 y 2015, consulta de percepción de seguridad y un análisis del impacto de los instrumentos de planificación territorial en la rehabilitación de los centros urbanos. De estos estudios se concluye que la comuna experimentó una rápida recuperación de infraestructura entre 2010 y 2012. Las modificaciones incorporadas en la ordenanza del Plan Regulador Comunal a finales de 2012 promovieron el uso de una nueva tipología estructural adaptada al riesgo de tsunami en la Zona Turística de Borde Costero (ZTBC-1). El uso de marcos estructurales de madera y hormigón en el primer piso, se adoptó en respuesta al bajo coeficiente de ocupación de suelo sugerido en la ordenanza del Plan Regulador Comunal para dicha zona, sin necesariamente cumplir con criterios de diseño estructural. En otras zonas ubicadas en el área inundada, no obstante, se reconstruyó sin adoptar criterios de adaptación. Aun cuando se implementó una consulta, que no tiene la representación adecuada de toda la población, el sondeo indica que el plan de emergencia implementado por ONEMI, por su parte, generó una mejor percepción de seguridad en las zonas de riesgo por parte de los residentes, pero los visitantes desconocen las medidas de evacuación vigentes. Palabras clave: rehabilitación urbana, resiliencia, adaptación, levantamiento post-tsunami, zonificación, percepción de seguridad. Coastal settlements rehabilitation affected by the 2010 tsunami in PelluhueCounty, Chile ABSTRACT. The Pelluhue country was one of the most affected during the earthquake and tsunami of February 27, 2010 in central Chile, with 47 deaths, the highest number of per-capita deaths in the country. This study is oriented to analyze the resilience of the urban centers of the commune, from its principal instances: preparation, resistance, recovery and adaptation. The damage generated by the tsunami is studied through an on-site survey, supplemented by surveys conducted in 2013 and 2015, a safety perception consultation and an analysis of the impact of territorial planning instruments in the rehabilitation of urban centers. From these studies it is concluded that the commune experienced a rapid infrastructure recovery between 2010 and 2012. The modifications incorporated in the ordinance of the Community Regulatory Plan at the end of 2012 promoted the use of a new structural typology adapted to the tsunami risk in the Coastal Tourist Zone (ZTBC-1). The use of wood and concrete structural frames on the first floor was adopted in response to the low coefficient of soil occupation su...

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“…Most natural processes in coastal areas are affected by human interference, particularly by the pressures from urban development and agricultural expansion. As the processes and functioning of the ecosystems are altered (Capobianco and Stive 2000) and coasts are transformed, the risks of natural hazards are increased (Silva et al 2014) and the lives of the people living there are impacted. Coastal ecosystems provide numerous benefits to people, including habitat provision, tourism, scenic beauty, recreation, supporting fishing industries, climate regulation, regulating through carbon storage, filtering of coastal waters, sustaining jobs and ocean economies, reducing risk from flooding and, in some cases, facilitating adaption to a changing climate (Everard et al 2010;Barbier et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incorporation of Biophysical and Social Components in Coastal Management

Silva

Chávez

Bouma

et al. 2019

Estuaries and Coasts

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Change is inherent in coastal systems, which are amongst the most dynamic ones on Earth. Increasing anthropogenic pressure on coastal zones interferes with natural coastal dynamics and can cause ecosystem imbalances that render the zones less stable. Furthermore, human occupation of coastal zones often requires an uncharacteristic degree of stability for these inherently dynamic coastal systems. Coastal management teams face multifaceted challenges in protecting, rehabilitating and conserving coastal systems. Diverse monitoring schemes and modelling tools have been developed to address these challenges. In this article, we explore various perspectives: the integration of biophysical, ecological and social components; the uncertainties of diverse data sources; and the development of flexible coastal interventions. We propose general criteria and guidance for an Ecosystem-based Management (EbM) to coastal management, which aims primarily at adaptation to global change and uncertainties, and to managing and integrating social aspects and biophysical components based on the flows of energy and matter.

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Present and Future Challenges of Coastal Erosion in Latin America

Cited by 102 publications

References 46 publications

Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives

Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives

Rehabilitacion de centros urbanos afectados por el tsunami 2010 en la Comuna de Pelluhue, Chile

The Incorporation of Biophysical and Social Components in Coastal Management

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