Presence of Two Glutamic-Oxalacetic Transaminases in Serum of Dogs Following Acute Injury of the Liver.

Abstract

Meon Hydrolotine Dose -Group IV ?' 20 Control0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 24 HOURS period FIG. I. Time-dose relationship of 4 groups of dogs given a lethal dose of endotosin. Group 1 1 UIItreated controls; group 2 = treated with hydralazine alone; group 3 = treated with hydrocortisoiic and metaraminol; group 4 = treated with hydrocortisone, inetaraniiiiol and hydralazine. Curves illustrate avg hourly blood pressure and output of urine. Animals surviving 24 hr after endotoxin are indicated for each group.Discussion. In studies on the pathogenesis of canine endotoxin shock attempts have been made to reverse the peripheral vascular collapse with various agents. After onset of hypotension, and oliguria or anuria, the most consistently successful results obtained in this laboratory have followed administration of a combination of hydrocortisone and metaraminol. The present study has demon-strated that hydralazine will increase urine flow in dogs having severe hypotension. This is in contrast to the untreated control series of animals that had a higher blood pressure but a consistently lower output of urine. When the systemic pressure was supported with a pressor drug and steroid, hydralazine had a favorable effect on output of urine, even though the blood pressure was lower than in the pressor-steroid treated group. These results are s f interest since hydralazine is usually employed as an anti-hypertensive drug.Summary. Canine endotoxin shock is characterized in part by hypotension, oliguria, hernoconcentration and acidosis. The "shock" can be reversed in some animals with a combination of a pressor drug and hydrocortisone. The addition of hydralazine to this combination greatly augments the flow of urine, and possibly contributes to the survival of animals.

Clinical and Diagnostic Significance of Aspartate Aminotransferase Isoenzymes in Sera of Patients with Liver Diseases

“…Fleisher et al (3,4) found human serum to contain two types of aspartate aminotransferase. This finding was confirmed by subsequent enzymologic studies (2,5,6), which demonstrated the existence of a cytoplasmic or soluble isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase and a mitochondrial one.…”

“…22, 1984 / No. 2 partate aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.1), (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), which differ in their amino acid composition and in their immunochemical and kinetics properties (7)(8)(9). As early äs 1967, Schmidt et al (10) started to consider the possible clinical usefulness of measuring of these isoenzymes.…”

Serum Levels of the Mitochondrial Isoenzyme of Aspartate Aminotransferase in Myocardial Infarction and Muscular Dystrophy

“…This conclusion does not imply any unavoidable conflict with Fleisher and Wakim [8,9]. If it is assumed that human cationic isoenzyme, like canine, is rapidly cleared from the circulation, the findings reported here can then be regarded firstly as evidence for a normal rapid turnover of this isoenzyme through the circulation (as envisaged also by Fleisher and Wakim [10]) and secondly as evidence for gradual release of the isoenzyme from damaged heart muscle.…”

“…In the remaining 6 cases, a single specimen only was available, taken between 2 and 4 days after the onset of the disease : in none of these was it possible to identify the cationic isoenzyme with certainty. Fleisher and Wakim had found, in dogs, that the cationic isoenzyme was cleared from the plasma with extraordinary rapidity [8,9]. Mussar at and Lang used these results to explain the findings in their subjects.…”

“…Because of the existing evidence [8,9,16], that the appearance of cationic isoenzyme in the blood following infarction was likely to be a transient early phenomenon, it was planned to take 3 specimens during the course of the first 24 h after admission and thereafter daily specimens for one week and then twice weekly specimens until discharge. Only 8 out of 15 cases were admitted within 24 h of the onset of the disease, and for various other reasons it was not always possible to carry through this programme in its entirety.…”