Presence of lipids in urine, crystals and stones: Implications for the formation of kidney stones

Abstract

Stone forming conditions in the kidneys greatly impact their epithelial cells producing significant differences in the urinary lipids between healthy and stone forming individuals. Altered membrane lipids promote face selective nucleation and retention of calcium oxalate crystals, and in the process become a part of the growing crystals and stones.

Anecdotes of lithogenesis and atherogenesis conversely liable for cardiac dysfunction and kidney stone formation

“…Interestingly, in 2002 Khan et al reported [2] that urolithic patients excrete more lipids such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, and some phospholipids [2]. The same study further suggested that lipids modulate the calcium oxalate crystal nucleation, aggregation and retention processes, which are the important steps for kidney stone development [2].…”

“…On the other hand, the association of kidney stones and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis has been observed in young adults implying that renal lithogenesis and atherogenesis share common pathophysiology both systemically and on a cellular level [3], where oxalate would act as a pro-atherogenic factor to increase the oxidative stress [2] as seen in atherosclerosis patients [3]. Injury and retention model explains the lithogenesis and atherogenesis [2,3].…”

“…Vascular cell injury and retention of lipids in the arterial wall cause the atherosclerosis [3]. In humans, all these processes take place over a long period of time [2,3] during which several metabolic changes occur finally ending in lithogenesis and switching on atherogenesis, or vice versa.…”

“…Injury and retention model explains the lithogenesis and atherogenesis [2,3]. In kidney stones, retention of calcium oxalate crystals occurs in the injured urothelium, inducing accumulation of lipids, proteinaceous materials, such as calcium-binding protein and glycoproteins, which interact with crystals and modulate the nucleation and aggregation process leading to stone formation [1].…”

Az étrend szerepe a húgyúti kövek kialakulásában és megelőzésében

“…Számos tanulmány utal arra, hogy a húgyúti kövesség-ben szenvedő betegek körében gyakoribb a dyslipidaemia, valamint, hogy a lipideknek szerepük van az oxalát-kiválasztódás növekedésében, ami telített zsírsavakban és transzzsírsavakban (például arachidonsav) gazdag étel fogyasztása esetén még kifejezettebb [25][26][27]. Az arachidonsav a prosztaglandin-E2-szint növekedését okozza, ami hozzájárul a hypercalciuria kialakulásához, és elősegíti a csontállomány kalciumvesztését [28].…”