2020
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232474
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Presence of HPV with overexpression of p16INK4a protein and EBV infection in penile cancer—A series of cases from Brazil Amazon

Abstract: Background In Brazil, penile cancer (PC) is not uncommon. The highest incidence of PC is in the North and Northeast of the country. In addition to phimosis, the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Baar Virus (EBV) infections are also related as risk factors for PC. The overexpression of p16 INK4a is a surrogate sensitive marker of HPV infection in PC. Objectives To correlate p16 INK4a overexpression and HPV infection status with EBV infection in a series of PC patients from the Amazon region. Methods Tumor … Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 64 publications
(92 reference statements)
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“…Unfortunately, Martins et al (2018) did not describe survival data based on p16 INK4a expression, making it difficult to compare their findings in Maranhão with those observed in the present study [ 9 ]. However, similar to what was observed in our study, in a study conducted in Northern Brazil (state of Amazonas), no differences were observed between the survival curves of PC patients with p16 INK4a overexpression (log-rank p = 0.753) or molecular HPV positivity (log-rank p = 0.979) [ 73 ]. According to Ornellas & Ornellas (2018), it is uncertain whether PCs involving HPV infection have better survival profiles than those without HPV infection [ 74 ].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Unfortunately, Martins et al (2018) did not describe survival data based on p16 INK4a expression, making it difficult to compare their findings in Maranhão with those observed in the present study [ 9 ]. However, similar to what was observed in our study, in a study conducted in Northern Brazil (state of Amazonas), no differences were observed between the survival curves of PC patients with p16 INK4a overexpression (log-rank p = 0.753) or molecular HPV positivity (log-rank p = 0.979) [ 73 ]. According to Ornellas & Ornellas (2018), it is uncertain whether PCs involving HPV infection have better survival profiles than those without HPV infection [ 74 ].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Thus, p16 overexpression could be un-related to HPV oncogenic role in PC in at least 8,3 % of cases, also considering that such cases did not show HPV related morphology. In this perspective, as in other district, the multimodal approach based on p16 IHC and HPV detection by molecular assay in PCs leads to a better identification of HPV-related subgroup, reducing the rate of both falsenegative and false-positive cases [8,12,24,30]. In consideration of the prognostic and predictive value of HPV infection, the choice of an accurate diagnostic assay for HPV detection is critical to define the most optimal management and follow-up for PC patients.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly do Carmo Alves Martins et al demontrated that the p16 overexpression was observed exclusively in 12 out of 26 HPV PCR-positive cases with 8 out of 12 HPV-16 positive cases. Furthermore, 4 HPV PCR-negative cases showed p16 overexpression [30].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These results are in line with the study by Martins, et al, which found that 60% of a total of 47 cases of penile cancer were smokers or had a history of smoking. 19 Kusumajaya and Safriadi also stated that 69.2% of cases of penile cancer in Bandung, Indonesia, were cigarette smokers. 14 The smoking habit significantly affects the prevalence of all types of cancer, including penile cancer.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%