Prescribed fire and natural recovery produce similar long-term patterns of change in forest structure in the Lake Tahoe basin, California

Zachmann, Luke J.; Shaw, Daniel W. H.; Dickson, Brett G.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.11.013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…There is also evidence that doing nothing can achieve many forest restoration goals related to age structure and fuels’ density (Zachmann et al. ). Additional systematic reviews are needed to examine (1) the quantifiable risk of fire to Spotted Owl habitat, as there are disparate lines of evidence regarding whether fire is impeding the recovery of late‐seral‐stage forests; and (2) the impacts of fuel treatments on Spotted Owl demography and site occupancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was general agreement that thin + burn treatments (thinning immediately followed by burning) had some positive effects in terms of reducing fire severity, while treatments by burning or thinning alone were less effective or ineffective (Kalies and Kent 2016). There is also evidence that doing nothing can achieve many forest restoration goals related to age structure and fuels' density (Zachmann et al 2018). Additional systematic reviews are needed to examine (1) the quantifiable risk of fire to Spotted Owl habitat, as there are disparate lines of evidence regarding whether fire is impeding the recovery of lateseral-stage forests; and (2) the impacts of fuel treatments on Spotted Owl demography and site occupancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spotted Owls and forest fire: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence

Lee

2018

Ecosphere

143

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Forest and Spotted Owl management documents often state that severe wildfire is a cause of recent declines in populations of Spotted Owls and that mixed‐severity fires (5–70% of burned area in high‐severity patches with >75% mortality of dominant vegetation) pose a primary threat to Spotted Owl population viability. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize all available scientific literature on the effects of wildfire on Spotted Owl demography and ecology from studies using empirical data to answer the question: How does fire, especially recent mixed‐severity fires with representative patches of high‐severity burn within their home ranges, affect Spotted Owl foraging habitat selection, demography, and site occupancy parameters? Fifteen papers reported 50 effects from fire that could be differentiated from post‐fire logging. Meta‐analysis of mean standardized effects (Hedge's d) found only one parameter was significantly different from zero, a significant positive foraging habitat selection for low‐severity burned forest. Multi‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regressions (hierarchical models) of Hedge's d against percent of study area burned at high severity and time since fire found the following: a negative correlation of occupancy with time since fire; a positive effect on recruitment immediately after the fire, with the effect diminishing with time since fire; reproduction was positively correlated with the percent of high‐severity fire in owl territories; and positive selection for foraging in low‐ and moderate‐severity burned forest, with high‐severity burned forest used in proportion to its availability, but not avoided. Meta‐analysis of variation found significantly greater variation in parameters from burned sites relative to unburned, with specifically higher variation in estimates of occupancy, demography, and survival, and lower variation in estimates of selection probability for foraging habitat in low‐severity burned forest. Spotted Owls were usually not significantly affected by mixed‐severity fire, as 83% of all studies and 60% of all effects found no significant impact of fire on mean owl parameters. Contrary to current perceptions and recovery efforts for the Spotted Owl, mixed‐severity fire does not appear to be a serious threat to owl populations; rather, wildfire has arguably more benefits than costs for Spotted Owls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotted Owls and forest fire: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence

Lee

2018

Ecosphere

143

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“…In these later logged areas, small trees <65 years old could represent recovery after logging itself, livestock grazing, or fire suppression, which have effects that are difficult to separate. Using natural recovery and managed fire to restore these forests can be just as effective, or more so, than are thinning or other mechanical treatments [46], and do not require particular prescriptions. If mechanical treatment is undertaken anyway in these areas, I suggest now retaining all older trees and sufficient trees <65 years old, of as many species as possible, so that after-treatment stand-structure is numerically dominated by small trees of maximum available species diversity and variable density.…”

Section: Managing Low- Moderate- and High-severity Fires In Montanementioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Fire Regimes in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed-Conifer Landscapes of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA, from Multiple Sources

Baker

2018

Fire

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Reconstructing historical fire regimes is difficult at the landscape scale, but essential to determine whether modern fires are unnaturally severe. I synthesized evidence across 725,000 ha of montane forests in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, from forest atlases, forest-reserve reports, fire-scar studies, early reports, and newspaper accounts. Atlases mapped moderate-to high-severity fires during 1850-1909 (~60 years), and 86% of atlas area was attributable to 24 fire years. Historical fire rotations from atlases were mostly 225-360 years for high-severity fires and 133-185 years for moderate-to high-severity fires. Historical low-severity fire from tree-ring data at 33 sites revealed a median fire rotation of 31 years in ponderosa pine, 78 years in dry mixed-conifer, and 113 years in moist mixed-conifer forests. Only 15% of montane sites had "frequent-fire" forests with fire rotations <25 years that kept understory fuels at low levels. Moderate-to high-severity fire rotations were long enough to enable old-growth forests, but short enough to foster heterogeneous landscapes with expanses of recovering forests and openings. About 38-39% is still recovering from the 1850-1909 fires. Large, infrequent severe fires historically enhanced resilience to subsequent beetle outbreaks, droughts, and fires, but have burned at lower rates in the last few decades.

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“…Realistic 3D presents actual scenes by virtual means, improves the efficiency of resource use, and helps to improve productivity with high quality. It has been widely used in mapping, water conservation, natural resources' management, construction, transportation, and electricity [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. For example, high-precision 3D building model scenes were generated from mobile laser scanning (MLS) point clouds and 3D meshes using multisource data fusion [12] and road spatial reorganization and landscape construction by quantifying highway 3D spatial features [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Forest Above-Ground Biomass Estimation Based on UAV 3D Real Scene

Zhao

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2023

Drones

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(1) Background: A three-dimensional (3D) real scene is a digital representation of the multidimensional dynamic real-world structure that enables the realistic and stereoscopic expression of actual scenarios, and is an important technological tool for urban refinement management. The above-ground biomass (AGB) of urban forests is an important indicator that reflects the urban ecological environment; therefore, the accurate estimation of AGB is of great significance for evaluating urban ecological functions. (2) Methods: In this study, multiangle aerial photographs of urban street trees were obtained via an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) single-lens five-way flight, from 0°, 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, and five other directions. The multiple view stereo (MVS) algorithm was used to construct three-dimensional realistic models of two tree species: ginkgo and camphor. Then, structural parameters such as tree height, crown diameter, and crown volume were estimated from the 3D real-scene models. Lastly, single-tree AGB models were developed based on structural parameters. (3) Results: The results of this study indicated the following: (A) The UAV visible-light realistic 3D model had clear texture and truly reflected the structural characteristics of two tree species, ginkgo and camphor. (B) There was a significant correlation between the reference tree height, crown diameter and crown volume obtained from the realistic 3D model and the measured values; the R2 for ginkgo height was 0.90, the R2 for camphor crown diameter was 0.87, and the R2 for ginkgo crown volume was 0.89. (C) The accuracy of the AGB estimation models constructed with tree height and canopy volume as variables was generally higher than that of models with tree height and canopy diameter; the model with the highest accuracy of AGB estimation for ginkgo was the linear model with a validation accuracy R2 of 0.96 and RMSE of 8.21 kg, while the model with the highest accuracy of AGB estimation for camphor was the quadratic polynomial model with a validation accuracy R2 of 0.92 and RMSE of 27.74 kg. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the UAV 3D real-scene model can achieve high accuracy in estimating single-wood biomass in urban forests. In addition, for both tree species, there was no significant difference between the AGB estimates based on the UAV 3D real scene and LiDAR and the measured AGB. These results of urban single-wood AGB estimation based on the UAV 3D real-scene model were consistent with those of LiDAR and even with the measured AGB. Therefore, based on the UAV 3D real-scene model, the single-wood biomass can be estimated with high accuracy. This represents a new technical approach to urban forest resource monitoring and ecological environment function evaluation.

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Prescribed fire and natural recovery produce similar long-term patterns of change in forest structure in the Lake Tahoe basin, California

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

Spotted Owls and forest fire: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence

Spotted Owls and forest fire: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence

Historical Fire Regimes in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed-Conifer Landscapes of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA, from Multiple Sources

Urban Forest Above-Ground Biomass Estimation Based on UAV 3D Real Scene

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