Preparation, optimization and characterization of chitosan polymer from shrimp shells

Carboxymethyl Chitosan as A Homemade Sausage Preservative

“…Demineralization and deproteinization were two specific steps in isolating chitin [15]. The minerals in the shrimp skin were calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate [3]. Calcium compounds reacted with hydrochloric acid and formed calcium chloride and phosphoric acid dissolved in water.…”

“…Deacetylation was conducted using a high concentration of NaOH solution. Concentrated NaOH is one of the important factors that can influence the deacetylation process of chitin, and the quality of chitosan obtained [3]. During the process, NaOH would break down into Na + and OH -Ions.…”

“…FTIR spectra from chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that in the spectrum, chitosan IR showed there was a wave number of 3448 cm -1 which was overlapping absorption between -OH and N-H. At a wave number of 2885 cm -1 , there was the stretch vibration of C-H at -CH 2 and -CH 3 [3]. The peak appeared at 1597 cm −1 corresponds to an amide II (-NH 2 bending) [3].…”

“…Figure 2 shows that in the spectrum, chitosan IR showed there was a wave number of 3448 cm -1 which was overlapping absorption between -OH and N-H. At a wave number of 2885 cm -1 , there was the stretch vibration of C-H at -CH 2 and -CH 3 [3]. The peak appeared at 1597 cm −1 corresponds to an amide II (-NH 2 bending) [3]. The absorption peak at 1087 cm -1 showed the vibration range C-O coming from C-O-H or C-O-C. Carboxymethyl chitosan's IR spectrum showing the widened spectrum at the wave of 3425 cm -1 was the stretch vibration of -OH.…”

“…Chitosan is produced from chitin deacetylation. Chitin is found in the shells of organisms such as crustaceans, insects, mollusks and shrimp [3].…”