Preparation of WO₃nanorods by a hydrothermal method for electrochromic device

Abstract

Uniform WO3 nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal process, and the synthesis was accomplished by using NaCl as the capping agent and Na2WO4 as the inorganic precursor. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology, phase, and nanostructure of the resulting nanorods. The effects of pH and the amount of NaCl capping agent on the morphology of the WO3 nanorods were investigated. Uniform and regular aligned WO3 nanorod films can be achieved by self-assembly in a drop coating process. Moreover, the electrochromic devices based on WO3 nanorods display a deep blue color and have low transmittance (<2%) in the colored state, especially in the infrared range, which may provide a promising platform for energy-saving smart windows, and other electro-optical applications.

Highly Crystalline WO3 Nanoparticles Are Nontoxic to Stem Cells and Cancer Cells

“…In this way, 0D (dots), 1D (rods, whiskers, and fibres), 2D (plates, films), or 3D (large particles, blocks) WO 3 materials can be synthesized. Various types of nanostructured tungsten oxide have been reported, from simple, spherical nanoparticles [34] to WO 3 -based aerogel networks [35], quantum dots [36][37][38][39], nanostructured films [40] (including nanoplate films [41], nanorod films [42], honeycomb-structured films [43], and mesoporous films [44]), nanobelts [45], nanofibres [46], nanowires [30,46,47], bundle-like nanowires [30,48], nanonetworks [49], hollow spheres [50], macroporous spheres [51], wedge-like architectures [52], nanorods [53,54], nanocuboids [34], square nanoplates [55], nanosheets [56], nanoleaves [57], and urchin-like [30,58], flower-like [59][60][61], and tree-like nanostructures [62,63], etc.…”

Controllable synthesis of W18O49 nanowire arrays and their application in electrochromic devices

“…The high contrast and fast coloration/bleaching response speed could be attributed to their massive denser structure and large surface areas, which increases the active surface areas for intercalation/deintercalation process of the ions. The switching speed of the tungsten oxide nanowire network arrays film is faster than previously reported layer by layer film [29], self-assembly film [30], and plate-like film [31]. There are two reasons to explain why W 18 O 49 nanowire arrays can have such an outstanding performance.…”

Electrodeposition of amorphous WO3on SnO2–TiO2inverse opal nano-framework for highly transparent, effective and stable electrochromic smart window

“…1 Upon the electrochemical insertion/ extraction of small cations such as H + or Li + , WO 3 exhibits corresponding reversible changes in optical property (colored/ bleached) (eqn (1), M ¼ H, Li,. ): [4][5][6][7][8] [WO 3 + M + + e À ] bleached 4 [MWO 3 ] colored (1) Various material structures and designs have been investigated to improve the overall EC performance of WO 3 , such as nanoparticles, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] thin lms, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] nanorods [27][28][29] etc. The crystal structure of WO 3 is also another factor affecting the performance, with many studies reporting that amorphous WO 3 has better EC efficiency than its crystalline form due to higher ion storage capacity at the same applied voltage.…”