Uniform WO3 nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal process, and the synthesis was accomplished by using NaCl as the capping agent and Na2WO4 as the inorganic precursor. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology, phase, and nanostructure of the resulting nanorods. The effects of pH and the amount of NaCl capping agent on the morphology of the WO3 nanorods were investigated. Uniform and regular aligned WO3 nanorod films can be achieved by self-assembly in a drop coating process. Moreover, the electrochromic devices based on WO3 nanorods display a deep blue color and have low transmittance (<2%) in the colored state, especially in the infrared range, which may provide a promising platform for energy-saving smart windows, and other electro-optical applications.
Tungsten oxides (W18O49) nanowire arrays as effective electrochromic working electrodes were fabricated on seed-free FTO glasses through a facile solvothermal process.
Six-fold core-shelled three-dimensional hierarchical structures were prepared by a direct annealing process. The effect of experimental parameters on density and length of branches of hierarchical Zn/ZnO structure is discussed. The influence of oxide layer formation and the shape of Zn polyhedron on the relaxation of stress for nanostructure growth also is reported. At the annealing temperature of 375 °C, the largest aspect ratio (∼71) of branched nanostructures and the smallest density (0.05 tips/μm2) of hierarchical arrays can be obtained. Transmission electon microscopy analysis shows that the oxide layer grows epitaxially from the Zn microtips and then the branches grow epitaxially from the oxide layer. For field emission applications, a better turn-on electric field (8.5 V/μm) and a larger enhancement factor 3490 are obtained for branched nanostructures with the high aspect ratio.
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