Preparation of an efficient catalyst through injection of CuI on modified poly (styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) and theoretical investigation of the structural and electronic properties of catalyst

Abstract

A novel polymer supported [poly (styrene‐co‐maleic imide) (SMI)]Cu(I) nano‐particles was prepared via in situ reaction of 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione with [poly (styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride)] (SMA) along with immobilization of CuI. These nano‐particles were fully characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, Xray (EDAX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, 1H NMR and FT‐IR techniques. Moreover, the structural and electronic features of metal–ligand interactions in the complex model of polymer‐supported copper nanocatalyst were assessed using density functional theory calculations. The catalytic activity of these supported Cu(I) nonoparticles was examined in one of the classiest name reaction so–called “click reaction” which is coined K. B Sharpless for the regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives using a multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving benzyl halides, sodium azide and terminal alkynes in water as a green solvent. This heterogeneous catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and was separated by simple filtration and was used at least in five consecutive runs without a significant decrease in its activity.

Formation of triazole inhibitive film on copper surface by click assembly in presence of Cu2S quantum dots

“…The increase in the content of Cu(I) for Cu (CuDs + TA + PA) is related to a thick triazole film formed on copper surface, which can retard the oxidation of Cu(I) into Cu(II) 54 . On the other hand, the increase of Cu(I) content can promote the catalysis of the click reaction and enhance the click‐assembly effect 32 . According to XPS results, the presence of CuDs during assembly process can improve the formation of triazole inhibitive film on copper surface.…”

“…Nowadays, much attention has been directed to nanocatalysts due to their highly active catalytic surface. The mixture of Cu/Cu‐oxide nanoparticles 32 and Cu nanoclusters 33 was used as effective catalyst for CuAAC reaction. Alonso et al 34 described their contribution to click chemistry using unsupported and supported copper nanoparticles as catalysts.…”

Recent advances in metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon heterogonous catalysts

“…We are interested in novel heterogeneous catalysis, trying to design, prepare, and use them in our contemplated reactions in our laboratory, which delightfully have been mostly successful. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Following, the same interest we have collected and reviewed the most recent activities on the applications of different organic transformations being performed effectively under heterogeneous catalysis. [69][70][71][72][73][74][75] In this review, we will mainly focus on the latest developments (2015 onwards) of heteroatom-doped carbon materials (single-element B-, N-, S-, and P-doped, dual-elements doped, and triple-elements doped carbons) as promising metal-free heterogeneous catalysts, including the catalysts preparation methods with an emphasis on their application in various organic transformations (oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrochlorination, dehydrogenation, coupling, etc.…”