A novel polymer supported [poly (styrene‐co‐maleic imide) (SMI)]Cu(I) nano‐particles was prepared via in situ reaction of 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione with [poly (styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride)] (SMA) along with immobilization of CuI. These nano‐particles were fully characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, Xray (EDAX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, 1H NMR and FT‐IR techniques. Moreover, the structural and electronic features of metal–ligand interactions in the complex model of polymer‐supported copper nanocatalyst were assessed using density functional theory calculations. The catalytic activity of these supported Cu(I) nonoparticles was examined in one of the classiest name reaction so–called “click reaction” which is coined K. B Sharpless for the regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives using a multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving benzyl halides, sodium azide and terminal alkynes in water as a green solvent. This heterogeneous catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and was separated by simple filtration and was used at least in five consecutive runs without a significant decrease in its activity.
Pentafluoropropionic acid (PFPA) efficiently catalyzes the one-pot, three-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, and dimedone to yield tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives in high yields. This method is of great value because of its easy processing, short reaction time, environmentally, and high yields.
Zn[(L)-proline]‚ was faund to be efficient, green, and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines by condensation reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in high to excellent yields under solvent-free and microwave irradiation conditions. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure with an easy workup, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvent. Morever, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least three time with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity.
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