Preparation of a Sulfonated Porous Carbon Catalyst with High Specific Surface Area

Kitano, Masaaki; Arai, Keisuke; Kodama, Atsushi; Kousaka, Tsutomu; Nakajima, Kiyotaka; Hayashi, Shigenobu; Hara, Michikazu

doi:10.1007/s10562-009-0062-4

Cited by 140 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The development of solid acid catalyst based on metal oxides receives attention in as much as other solid materials such as ion-exchange resin, heteropolyacids, zeolite, carbon mesopore and modified clay [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Taking economically aspect and ease of synthesis as consideration, metal oxides might the best option to obtain heterogeneous catalyst with strong acidity and good thermal resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Rachmat

Trisunaryanti

Sutarno

et al. 2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Sulfated zirconia mesopore has been successfully prepared from zirconyl oxychloride using structure directing agent cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The preparation involved calcination at four different temperatures denoted as MZS (400, 500, 600, and 700°C) and three different zirconyl-to-CTAB ratios (1:1, 3:1, and 9:1). Characterization of resulting zirconia was carried out using XRD method, TEM, gas sorption analyzer, and FTIR. The acidity of zirconia evaluated by ammonia adsorption. Calcination temperatures conducted at 500, 600, and 700°C lead to crystalline structure and tetragonal phase. MZS-600 prepared at ratio 3:1 showed optimum specific surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume: 147.5 m 2 /g, 6.6 nm, and 0.396 cc/g, respectively. CTAB assisted larger pore size formation in zirconia along with higher surface area. The catalytic activity of sulfated zirconia mesopore was tested on lauric acid esterification. All sulfated zirconia mesopores prepared were able to give 99-100% conversion. The highest yield of methyl lauric 89.8% was achieved by MZS-600 prepared using CTAB to zirconyl ratio 9:1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Rachmat

Trisunaryanti

Sutarno

et al. 2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…A variety of biomass-derived sulfonated carbon materials bearing SO3H, COOH, and phenolic OH groups (Kitano et al 2009;Kastner et al 2012) have been prepared via the similar route first reported by the Hara group (Hara et al 2004;Toda et al 2005;Nakajima et al 2007), i.e., natural organic resources are initially incompletely carbonized to obtain amorphous carbon and then subjected to sulfonation to introduce SO3H groups. These kinds of catalysts are efficient in the catalytic production of HMF, e.g., sulfonated cellulose-derived carbon, prepared by the incomplete carbonization of cellulose at 400 °C, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) at 180 °C (10 mL acid·g -1 carbon) for 5 h. This process achieved 81.4% and 46.4% yields of HMF in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) from fructose and glucose, respectively (Hu et al 2013), and sulfonated corn stalk-derived carbon achieved 44.1% HMF yield from corn stalk in [BMIM]Cl (Yan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose Catalyzed by Sulfonated Bamboo-Derived Carbon Prepared by Simultaneous Carbonization and Sulfonation

Shen

Chen

2016

BioResources

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A novel sulfonated bamboo-derived carbon (SBC) was prepared through a one-pot simultaneous carbonization and sulfonation method using ptoluenesulfonic acid as the sulfonating agent. This method was used in place of the two-step method of high temperature carbonization followed by sulfonation, in order to reduce energy consumption and avoid the use of substantial amounts of strong liquid acid. The as-prepared catalyst bearing SO3H, COOH, and phenolic OH groups demonstrated efficient catalytic activity in the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), achieving 92.1% HMF yield in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylsulfoxiden (DMSO) (volume ratio of THF/DMSO 3/7). The mixture had a fructose concentration of 0.08 g·mL -1 with a catalyst amount of 10% weight of fructose at 140 °C in 60 min. No distinct activity drop was observed after the initial deactivation during 5 recycling runs, confirming a good stability of the prepared catalyst. Moreover, kinetic data showed that SBC promoted fructose dehydration to HMF may follow pseudo-first order kinetics with the activation energy of 43.6 kJ·mol -1 under investigated conditions. The convenient catalyst preparation method and excellent catalytic performance of the catalyst provide an easy-handling and ecofriendly strategy for crude biomass utilization in catalyst production.

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“…Among carbon-based materials, those functionalized with sulfonic acid groups have been investigated as potential, environment-friendly solid-acid catalysts, because functionalized carbons eliminate the need for liquid acids in several catalytic reactions, and may be reused several times without appreciable loss of activity [11]. Among acidic carbons, those obtained from waste materials and/or sugars are economically and environmentally attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel wastes: An abundant and promising source for the preparation of acidic catalysts for utilization in etherification reaction

Gonçalves

Mantovani

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Environmentally friendly sulfonated black carbon (BC) catalysts were prepared from biodiesel waste, glycerol. These black carbons (BCs) contain a high amount of acidic groups, mainly sulfonated and oxygenated groups. Furthermore, these catalysts show a high catalytic activity in the glycerol etherification reaction with tertbutyl alcohol, the activity being larger for the sample prepared with a higher glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (1:3). The yield for mono-tert-butyl glycerol (MTBG), ditert-butyl glycerol (DTBG) and tri-tert-butyl-glycerol (TTBG) were very similar to those obtained using a commercial resin, Amberlyst-15. Furthermore, experimental results show that the carbon with the lowest acidic surface group content, BC prepared in minor glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (10:1), can be chemically treated after carbonization to achieve an improved catalytic activity. The activity of all BCs is high and very similar, about 50% and 20% for the MTBG and DTBG + TTBG, respectively.

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Preparation of a Sulfonated Porous Carbon Catalyst with High Specific Surface Area

Cited by 140 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose Catalyzed by Sulfonated Bamboo-Derived Carbon Prepared by Simultaneous Carbonization and Sulfonation

Biodiesel wastes: An abundant and promising source for the preparation of acidic catalysts for utilization in etherification reaction

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