Synthesis and characterization of sulfated zirconia mesopore and its application on lauric acid esterification

Abstract

Sulfated zirconia mesopore has been successfully prepared from zirconyl oxychloride using structure directing agent cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The preparation involved calcination at four different temperatures denoted as MZS (400, 500, 600, and 700°C) and three different zirconyl-to-CTAB ratios (1:1, 3:1, and 9:1). Characterization of resulting zirconia was carried out using XRD method, TEM, gas sorption analyzer, and FTIR. The acidity of zirconia evaluated by ammonia adsorption. Calcination temperatures conducted at 500, 600, and 700°C lead to crystalline structure and tetragonal phase. MZS-600 prepared at ratio 3:1 showed optimum specific surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume: 147.5 m 2 /g, 6.6 nm, and 0.396 cc/g, respectively. CTAB assisted larger pore size formation in zirconia along with higher surface area. The catalytic activity of sulfated zirconia mesopore was tested on lauric acid esterification. All sulfated zirconia mesopores prepared were able to give 99-100% conversion. The highest yield of methyl lauric 89.8% was achieved by MZS-600 prepared using CTAB to zirconyl ratio 9:1.

Solvent-free esterification of stearic acid and ethylene glycol with heterogeneous catalysis in a stirred batch microwave reactor

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Influence of Various Sol–Gel Parameters on the Physico‐Chemical Properties of Sulfuric Acid Chelated Zirconia Aerogels Dried at Ambient Pressure

“…[ 11 ] The peaks at 1060 and 1130 cm −1 in zircnia aerogels prepared using H 2 SO 4 correspond to the S–O and S=O stretching vibrations. [ 18 ]…”

Environmentally Benign Approach for the Synthesis of Azo Dyes in the Presence of Mesoporous Sulfated Core‐Shell Zirconia‐Copper(I) Oxide Solid Acid Catalyst

“…It is clearly evident from the data that, as sulfate ions are introduced to the Cu(I)@ZrO 2 catalyst, the surface area of the catalyst significantly reduced. This is due blockage of surface area by surface occupied sulfate ions ,…”