Preparation of a novel bovine cancellous bone/poly‐amino acid composite with low immunogenicity, proper strength, and cytocompatibility in vitro

Abstract

In this work, the delipidized and deproteinized bovine cancellous bone powder/poly–amino acid (DDBP/PAA) composite was fabricated by extrusion‐injection molding method for the first time. After about 70% clearance rate by the delipidization and deproteinization procedures, the residual antigens of galactosyl α–(1, 3)–galactosyl β–1,4–N–aeetylglueosaminyl (α–Gal) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II were basically eliminated by the extrusion–injection molding process, which may cause high titer of antibody and lead to hyperacute rejection or chronic immune toxicity. Meanwhile, the natural BMP II and apatite in bovine bone were kept in DDBP/PAA composite. After 26 weeks of immersion in simulated body fluid, the DDBP/PAA composite remained the intact appearance, 96.4% of weight, and 69.2% of compressive strength, and these showed sufficient degradation stability. The composite also exhibited excellent attachment and proliferation abilities of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). The results herein suggested that the DDBP/PAA composite was expected to be a load–bearing transplant with some natural ingredients for hard tissue repair.

High‐strength/high‐modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced poly(amino acid)/hydroxyapatite composite for load‐bearing orthopedics applications

“…It may lead to failure , Ca-O after implantation. Figure 6E showed the density of the obtained composites was about 1.3-1.5 g/cm 3 , which could match the density of cortical bone. Mechanical characteristic is critical in the selection of load-bearing bone materials.…”

“…Poly(amino acid) (PAA) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in medical materials field due to its nontoxic degradation products and good biocompatibility. [ 3,4 ] However, the present PAA shows insufficient mechanical properties, which restricts its clinical application. [ 5 ] To solve these problems, combining bioactive minerals as fillers with the PAA matrix is a promising approach to compensate for the drawbacks of single material and obtain composites with extraordinary properties.…”

Effects of bovine cancellous bone powder/poly amino acid composites on cellular behaviors and osteogenic performances

“…(DCBP/PAA EM) DCBP/PAA EM was fabricated by the method of EM (figure 1(B)). PAA was synthesized via melt polycondensation, according to our previous method [21]. The types and proportions of amino acids used were the same as those in section 2.2.1.…”

“…DCBP was prepared and characterized according to our previous publication [21]. Briefly, commercially available fresh bovine bones were used as raw materials and only fresh cancellous bones powder (FCBP) were retained.…”

Criteria, Challenges, and Opportunities for Acellularized Allogeneic/Xenogeneic Bone Grafts in Bone Repairing

“…The first critical criterion for preventing graft rejection is the examination of the remaining genomic material in ABGs. 71 Failure to remove genomic compounds not only leads to the rejection of rapid transplantation due to infection, but also due to the improper use of various drugs that suppress the immune system, it causes economic concerns and increases the invasion of foreign factors in other parts of the body. 72 It has been shown that reducing dsDNA below 50 ng/mg of ECM dry weight can guarantee very low immunogenicity of transplanted tissue.…”