Preparation, Microstructure and Morphology of Electrospun Sulfonated Polystyrene Films for Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell

The correlation of sulfonation reaction kinetics with the degree of sulfonation (DS) and its effects on microstructure and morphology of electrospun fibers for the membrane of fuel cells

“…In the study of Yao et al 16 and Todsapon, 17 sulfonation using concentrated H 2 SO 4 (98%) caused the dissolution of electrospun bers which requires post-treatment to crosslink and improve ber resistance to concentrated acid. This is contrary to the works of Jalal et al, 18 where the ber diameter gradually increases with increased sulfonation reaction time but using diluted sulfuric acid. However, this study showed that ber diameter decreased compared with non-sulfonated bers by 23-30% which was observed similar to the results of previous works.…”

Effect of Tacticity and Degree of Sulfonation of Polystyrene Sulfonate on Calcium-Binding Behavior in the Presence of Dodecyl Sulfate

“…Recent advances in synthetic chemistry have allowed greater control over the arrangement of functional groups about the backbone of the polymer − and the degree of sulfonation. − The ability to synthesize PSS by having a precise arrangement of aromatic groups around the backbone will help achieve the desired response of counterion binding to the presence of surfactants like DS ions. Such smart resins can find applications in detergency and other processes involving surfactants.…”

Synthesis and properties of Sulphonated Polystyrene, Their New Composites and IPNs

“…Thermal stability of SPS, IPNS of SPSN and PUS was done at heating rate of 20 0 C / min. Figures (11)(12)(13) show TGA and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) of these polymers respectively. According to the obtained results as shown in tables (2,3 ) ,the degradation process of SPS and SPSN starts at temperature higher than 400 0 C ,while for PUS was higher than 350 0 C ,on the other hand the optimum decomposition temperature (Top) of the SPS was 424 0 C ,while for the SPSN the TGA thermogram show two stage of decomposition , the first with Top at 420 0 C which refer to degrade of SPS ,while the other at Top at 543 0 C refer to novolac resin .In the case of PUS , the TGA thermogram indicate three stages of decomposition at Top 235 , 366 and 648 0 C respectively .As a conclusion the rate of decomposition and the Temperature of 50% weight loss of SPS was less than SPSN and PUS which indicate that the thermal stability of the latter two polymers was higher than SPS alone.…”

“…Ways, for instance, styrene and styrene dimer, trimer and oligomer were recovered from PS by thermochemical treatment [9], and by catalytic thermo-chemical treatment [10]. Functionalizing of the benzene ring which is a characteristic segment of the PS supports the formation of new polymer derivatives [11] .Many researches used sulphonated group in order to the sulphonated ion reaction of PS, and most of these studies have used sulphuric acid as sulphonating agent [12,13] while other studies have used silica sulphuric acid [14] ,and the others used acetyl sulfate complexes as sulfonation reagent in a solution of di choro ethane [15].The sulfonation of polystyrene with sulfonic acid groups has been effective with various nitrogen-containing polymers (like, polyamides, conducting polymers: polyaniline). SPS has been growing in various industrial, domestic and medical applications.…”