The correlation of sulfonation reaction kinetics with the degree of sulfonation (DS) and its effects on microstructure and morphology of electrospun fibers for the membrane of fuel cells

Abstract

Sulfonation reaction on electrospun fibers with the effect of degree of sulfonation on fibers' microstructure and morphology.

Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS2-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

“…A blank titration test is also performed in a similar manner. The following formula was used to calculate the IEC of the membranes, where 5 is a factor corresponding to the ratio of the amount of NaOH taken to dissolve the membranes to the amount used for titration ion exchange capacity 0.25em ( mmol / g ) = [ false( consumed HCl 0.25em ( mL ) 0.25em normalfor blank sample solution − consumed HCl 0.25em ( mL ) 0.25em normalfor the membrane solution false) × normality of HCl × 5 ] / [ weight of the membrane false( normalg false) ] The degree of sulfonation for SPVA was calculated using the following formula d egree of sulfonation 0.25em ( % ) = M × IEC false[ ( 1000 − false( M ′ × IEC false) ] × 100 where M is the molecular weight (g/mol) of the repeating unit of SPVA and M ′ is the molecular weight (g/mol) of the repeating unit of pristine PVA, and IEC is the ion exchange capacity of SPVA.…”

“…A blank titration test is also performed in a similar manner. The following formula was used to calculate the IEC of the membranes, where 5 is a factor corresponding to the ratio of the amount of NaOH taken to dissolve the membranes to the amount used for titration The degree of sulfonation for SPVA was calculated using the following formula where M is the molecular weight (g/mol) of the repeating unit of SPVA and M ′ is the molecular weight (g/mol) of the repeating unit of pristine PVA, and IEC is the ion exchange capacity of SPVA.…”