Preparation and Properties of An Insensitive Booster Explosive Based on LLM‐105

Abstract

A new insensitive booster explosive based on 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazing‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) was prepared by a solvent‐slurry process with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as binder. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was employed to characterize the morphology and particle size of LLM‐105 and molding powder. The mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, shock wave sensitivity, and detonation velocity of the LLM‐105/EPDM booster were also measured and analyzed. The results show that both mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity of LLM‐105/EPDM are much lower than that of conventional boosters, such as PBXN‐5 and A5. Its shock wave sensitivity is also lower than that of PBXN‐5 and PBXN‐7. When the density of charge is 95 % TMD, its theoretical and measured detonation velocities are 7858 m s−1 and 7640 m s−1, respectively. These combined properties suggested that LLM‐105/EPDM can be used as an insensitive booster.

Facile Fabrication of Nanoparticles Stacked 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) Sub‐microspheres via Electrospray Deposition

“…It has a molecular structure similar to the insensitive high explosive TATB, an extensive network of both intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which could be corresponding to its outstanding thermal stability and insensitivity to shock, spark, friction and impact [2]. Because of the high performance and thermal stability, LLM-105 has significant potential applications in insensitive boosters and detonators [3].…”

Design and Characterization of a Cook‐Off Resistant High‐Energy Booster Explosive Based on CL‐20/FOX‐7

“…The detonation velocity of the pressed PBX was measured by the ionization probe method [20,21]. The explosive was started by the detonator firstly, and then the detonation of the PBX was running.…”

“…The addition of FOX-7 to the booster formulation increases the ability of the explosive system to buffer external stimuli and reduce the formation of hot spots effectively. The formulation has a significant advantage in mechanical sensitivity compared to conventional booster formulations, such as PBXN-5 drop height (H 50 ) is 36.5 cm [28], and JH-14 drop height is 39.8 cm [21].…”

An Unexpected Method to Synthesize Fluorinated Derivative of ANPZ

“…By oxidation, its more famous derivative 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) was first described by Pagoria in 1998 [16,17]. Many studies have been performed on the synthesis [18,19], molecular structure [20,21] and applications of this derivative [22,23]. However, unlike the famous FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) and its derivatives [24,25,26], the derivatives of ANPZ are rarely reported besides the LLM-105 [27,28,29], even though both of them have symmetrically two amino groups and two nitro groups in their backbone structure.…”