Facile Fabrication of Nanoparticles Stacked 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) Sub‐microspheres via Electrospray Deposition

Huang, Chuan; Liu, Jiahui; Ding, Ling; Wang, Dunju; Yang, Zhijian; Nie, Fude

doi:10.1002/prep.201700154

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Compared with traditional deposition methods, ESD offers numerous advantages, including: (1) generation of monodisperse droplets and uniform deposition; (2) the micro/nano size of particles produced by spray processing makes ESD an effective method for micro/nanoscale coatings; (3) morphologies of thin films are easy to adjust by varying flow rate, applied voltage, and spray temperature; (4) the process only uses small quantities of the precursor solutions and spray material; (5) and, the spray process can be implemented in ambient environment. This has led to the application of ESD for the deposition of a wide variety of nanomaterials including cells [4][5][6][7] , nanoparticles [8][9][10][11] , and polymers 3,[12][13][14] . Many of these examples include the use of ESD to incorporate active materials into electronic devices 3,8,9,11,12,14 .…”

Section: Self-limiting Electrospray Deposition On Polymer Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-limiting electrospray deposition on polymer templates

Lei

Gamboa

Kuznetsova

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Electrospray deposition (ESD) applies a high voltage to liquids flowing through narrow capillaries to produce monodisperse generations of droplets down to hundreds of nanometers in diameter, each carrying a small amount of the delivered solute. This deposition method has been combined with insulated stencil masks for fabricating micropatterns by spraying solutions containing nanoparticles, polymers, or biomaterials. To optimize the fabrication process for micro-coatings, a self-limiting electrospray deposition (SLED) method has recently been developed. Here, we combine SLED with a pre-existing patterned polymer film to study SLED’s fundamental behavior in a bilayer geometry. SLED has been observed when glassy insulating materials are sprayed onto conductive substrates, where a thickness-limited film forms as charge accumulates and repels the arrival of additional charged droplets. In this study, polystyrene (PS), Parylene C, and SU-8 thin films of varying thickness on silicon are utilized as insulated spraying substrates. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a thermoplastic polymer is sprayed below its glass transition temperature (Tg) to investigate the SLED behavior on the pre-deposited insulating films. Furthermore, to examine the effects of in-plane confinement on the spray, a microhole array patterned onto the PS thin film by laser dewetting was sprayed with dyed PVP in the SLED mode. This was then extended to an unmasked electrode array showing that masked SLED and laser dewetting could be used to target microscale regions of conventionally-patterned electronics.

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Section: Self-limiting Electrospray Deposition On Polymer Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-limiting electrospray deposition on polymer templates

Lei

Gamboa

Kuznetsova

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…LLM‐105, as synthesized by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1995, is known as a potential insensitive high explosive (IHE) which has good prospects for application in insensitive munitions (IM) or boosters . It has a nice safety performance and 15 % higher energy than 1, 3, 5‐triamino‐2, 4, 6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) . However, experimental results show that the mechanical performance, particularly the tensile strength of LLM‐105 based PBXs is relatively poor due to the weak interface between LLM‐105 and commonly used polymers, as compared with octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) and TATB based PBXs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crystal Quality and Morphology on the Mechanical Performance of LLM‐105 Based PBXs

Yang

Lin

Gong

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Mechanical performance is significant for the application of pressed polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) materials. In this research, several types of 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) were selected to study the effects of crystal quality and morphology on the mechanical performance of LLM‐105 based PBXs. The surface bonding status of the LLM‐105 crystal and molding powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle analysis, and the moldability was evaluated by determining the relative density of pressed cylinders of corresponding PBXs. Besides, static and dynamic mechanical properties were studied and compared, presenting the compressive, tensile and creep curves. For LLM‐105 based PBXs, spherical morphology and rough surface could result improved mechanical strength and creep resistance, facilitating the structural and dimensional stability of charges. In this case, it can bring benefits for their reliability and safety performances during application.

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“…In addition, LLM-105 exhibits a very low solubility in most organic solvents due to these strong hydrogen bonds, which facilitates the choice of antisolvents. Although some papers have been published on the crystallization of LLM-105, relatively few literatures have reported the antisolvent crystallization [30][31][32][33]. Only few antisolvents such as water and ethyl acetate have been involved, and there is still no clear explanation for the effect of antisolvents on the morphology of LLM-105.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Crystal Habits of Organic Explosives by Antisolvent Crystallization: The Case Study of 2,6-dimaino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxid (LLM-105)

et al. 2019

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Crystallization is one of the most important methods in the crystal habit control of explosive products. For this study, the antisolvent crystallization experiments were carried out to tune the crystal habits of 2,6-dimaino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxid (LLM-105). Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as an organic solvent. Water, methanol, acetic acid, nitromethane, acetone, ethanol, methylene chloride, o-dichlorobenzene, and toluene were selected as antisolvents. The X-shaped, spherical cluster-like, rod-like, needle-like, and dendritic crystals were successfully produced by varying the kind of the antisolvent. These results manifested that the polarity and functional groups of antisolvent molecules played important roles in the crystal habits of LLM-105 explosive. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements indicated that these antisolvents just tuned the crystal habit of LLM-105 but did not change the crystal structure. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) results of the obtained crystals showed that the crystal habits significantly affected the thermal properties. This study can contribute to the investigation of the mechanism of antisolvent-induced crystal habit modification and screen out the efficient antisolvents.

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Facile Fabrication of Nanoparticles Stacked 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) Sub‐microspheres via Electrospray Deposition

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Self-limiting electrospray deposition on polymer templates

Self-limiting electrospray deposition on polymer templates

Effects of Crystal Quality and Morphology on the Mechanical Performance of LLM‐105 Based PBXs

Tuning the Crystal Habits of Organic Explosives by Antisolvent Crystallization: The Case Study of 2,6-dimaino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxid (LLM-105)

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