Preparation and cytotoxicity comparison of type a gelatin nanoparticles with recombinant human gelatin nanoparticles

Abstract

Gelatin nanoparticles derived from bovine or porcine have been developed as various types of drug delivery system, and they need to be cross-linked to maintain their physicochemical properties in aqueous environments. Although gelatin is a widely used material in pharmaceutical industries, the safety issue of animal-origin gelatins, such as transmissible mad cow disease and anaphylaxis, remains to be solved. The purpose of this study was to prepare type A gelatin (GA) nanoparticles by modified, two-step, desolvation method and compare the toxicity of the resulting GA nanoparticles with recombinant human gelatin (rHG) nanoparticles. The GA nanoparticles were characterized, and drug loading and release pattern were measured. FITC-BSA, a model protein, was efficiently loaded in the nanoparticles and then released in a biphasic and sustained release pattern without an initial burst. In particular, the cell viability of the GA nanoparticles was less than that of the rHG nanoparticles. This finding suggests that rHG nanoparticles should be considered as an alternative to animal-origin gelatin nanoparticles in order to minimize the safety problems.

Polynorbornene dicarboximide/amine functionalized graphene hybrids for potential oxygen barrier films

“…As shown in Figure 12, AFG sheets are dispersed in random 3D directions. This 3D‐random structure of AFG along with the molecular level interaction between the PND and AFG might increase the initial Young's modulus of the hybrid film due to the intrinsic covalent interaction between the polymer and AFG sheets 69, 70. For the PND filled with AFG of high aspect ratios, impermeable flake graphene sheets also might decrease the oxygen permeability via a reduced cross section for gas diffusion and a tortuous path mechanism.…”

“…This 3D-random structure of AFG along with the molecular level interaction between the PND and AFG might increase the initial Young's modulus of the hybrid film due to the intrinsic covalent interaction between the polymer and AFG sheets. 69,70 For the PND filled with AFG of high aspect ratios, impermeable flake graphene sheets also might decrease the oxygen permeability via a reduced cross section for gas diffusion and a tortuous path mechanism. Thermal properties of PND such as glass transition temperatures and degradation temperatures were, however, not strongly dependent on the contents of AFG, as shown in Table 1.…”

Recent advancement of gelatin nanoparticles in drug and vaccine delivery

“…However, the increase in gelatin concentration and volume of ethanol lead to an increase in the particle size [62]. Ethanol concentrations between 65 and 70% w/w yield GNPs of small particle size and low PI [63].…”

“…However, there is a still critical problem associated with the use of animal origin gelatin which carries the risk of contamination with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). The rigorous manufacturing processes such as acid, alkaline and heat treatments are employed to inactivate TSE agents and minimize TSE risk in drug products [49,62,147].…”

Application of natural and semi-synthetic polymers for the delivery of sensitive drugs

“…204 To this end, recombinant human gelatin (rHG) represents a valuable alternative, offering an improved safety profile, as well as well-defined molecular weight and physicochemical properties. 191,205…”