“…Several methods have been developed to grow ML thin film coatings directly on the surface of a target object, including physical vapour deposition of ion-plating, and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering techniques [15,[17][18][19]105,152,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171]. ML thin films offer advantages over powder/polymer composite coatings to image stress distributions in target structures, including thinner films (less than 10 μm), good thermal stability, and a preferred orientation of crystallinity -these features may help to overcome some of the optical and mechanical transmission problems discussed above for composite films (Section 2.3.1).…”
Section: Thin Filmsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9b shows the locations of the homo-buffer layer (grown on a glass substrate) and the SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ film, which was prepared in this case using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique followed by heat-treatment. The buffer layer was integrated into the design of the film to reduce adverse effects of structural and thermal mismatches between the ML film and the substrate [162,165].…”
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is generated during exposures of certain materials to mechanical stimuli. Many solid materials produce ML during their fracturing, however, the irreversibility of fracto-induced ML limits the practical applications of these materials. In 1999, Chao-Nan Xu discovered an intense and reproducible ML from trap-controlled materials, including ZnS:Mn 2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , and introduced the principles and applications of hybrid inorganic/organic mechanoluminescent (ML) composites, and related sensors to visualize stress/strain in target structures. This discovery has triggered intense research interest in trap-controlled ML materials and composites over the past 2 decades. Notable achievements of this research include the development of trap-controlled materials that exhibit bright ML emission from the ultraviolet to the near infra-red, and multiscale mechano-optical sensitivities. This research has also increased our understanding of the mechanisms of ML phenomena, enabling the rational design of trap-controlled ML materials. Practical applications of ML are also being driven by the discovery that ML composites can serve as "mechano-optical sensitive skin" for structural health diagnosis, stress sensors for biomechanics, and mechanically-activated light sources. This review focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization, optimization and application of trap-controlled ML materials, and concludes with discussions on future directions of ML research and specific challenges to improve ML materials for real-world applications.
“…Several methods have been developed to grow ML thin film coatings directly on the surface of a target object, including physical vapour deposition of ion-plating, and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering techniques [15,[17][18][19]105,152,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171]. ML thin films offer advantages over powder/polymer composite coatings to image stress distributions in target structures, including thinner films (less than 10 μm), good thermal stability, and a preferred orientation of crystallinity -these features may help to overcome some of the optical and mechanical transmission problems discussed above for composite films (Section 2.3.1).…”
Section: Thin Filmsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9b shows the locations of the homo-buffer layer (grown on a glass substrate) and the SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ film, which was prepared in this case using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique followed by heat-treatment. The buffer layer was integrated into the design of the film to reduce adverse effects of structural and thermal mismatches between the ML film and the substrate [162,165].…”
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is generated during exposures of certain materials to mechanical stimuli. Many solid materials produce ML during their fracturing, however, the irreversibility of fracto-induced ML limits the practical applications of these materials. In 1999, Chao-Nan Xu discovered an intense and reproducible ML from trap-controlled materials, including ZnS:Mn 2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , and introduced the principles and applications of hybrid inorganic/organic mechanoluminescent (ML) composites, and related sensors to visualize stress/strain in target structures. This discovery has triggered intense research interest in trap-controlled ML materials and composites over the past 2 decades. Notable achievements of this research include the development of trap-controlled materials that exhibit bright ML emission from the ultraviolet to the near infra-red, and multiscale mechano-optical sensitivities. This research has also increased our understanding of the mechanisms of ML phenomena, enabling the rational design of trap-controlled ML materials. Practical applications of ML are also being driven by the discovery that ML composites can serve as "mechano-optical sensitive skin" for structural health diagnosis, stress sensors for biomechanics, and mechanically-activated light sources. This review focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization, optimization and application of trap-controlled ML materials, and concludes with discussions on future directions of ML research and specific challenges to improve ML materials for real-world applications.
“…The details of the preparing process has been described in Ref. [10] and only a brief description was given below. SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu was deposited for 1h on quartz glass substrate at a condition of RF power about 2.5W/cm 2 , an Ar atmosphere at pressure of 0.1Pa, and substrate temperature 650 o C. After annealing at 950 o C in H 2 /Ar atmosphere, the sample was put back into the sputtering chamber and continued to deposit the second layer.…”
Highly oriented SrAl2O4:Eu film had been deposited on a quartz glass using the RF sputtering method. The fabricated film displayed fiber-texture with the (031) orientation. The surface of the film was smooth and compact. In addition, under the UV excitation, the film emitted green light. After the removal of UV excitation, a long afterglow phenomenon could be observed from this film. The important point of this study was that SAOE film displays strong adhesion and high green triboluminescence (Tribo-L). Such properties made the films be a potential candidate as stress indicators.
“…The films exhibited a high orientation of ͑0 3 1͒ in the out-of-plane direction with a random in-plane texture. 17 To verify the potential roles of this film as a stress sensor in this study, the properties of this fiber-textured film were characterized by X-ray diffraction ͑XRD͒, IR, cross-section scanning electron microscopy ͑SEM͒, atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒, PL, and thermoluminescence ͑ThL͒, and the sensitivity of this film to various mechanical stimuli was measured by a self-prepared material test machine.…”
In this paper, a high crystalline
SrAl2normalO4:Eu
film has been deposited on the quartz glass substrate using the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the
SrAl2normalO4:Eu
film were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD result indicated that the obtained film was (0 3 1) fiber textured, and the AFM result showed that the film surface was smooth and compact. The important point was that the prepared film displayed strong adhesion and high sensitivity to various mechanical stresses. A green triboluminescence circle and a bright green impact mechanoluminescence can be observed when the mechanical stimuli were applied on the film.
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